Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 2
If he fell into a slumber, he beheld in his dreams the shadowy phantoms of the necromantic tower, or the injured Florinda, pale and dishevelled, imprecating the vengeance of Heaven upon his head.
Who acts: light · What happens: fall, behold, dream, injure, imprecate · To what, where: slumber, shadowy phantoms, vengeance
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 3 fell | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 fell | nsubj |
| 3 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 beheld | advcl |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 6 slumber | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 slumber | det |
| 6 | slumber | slumber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fell | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 fell | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 beheld | nsubj |
| 9 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 12 dreams | mark |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 dreams | nmod:poss |
| 12 | dreams | dream | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 beheld | ccomp |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 phantoms | det |
| 14 | shadowy | shadowy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 phantoms | amod |
| 15 | phantoms | phantom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 dreams | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 tower | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 tower | det |
| 18 | necromantic | necromantic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 tower | amod |
| 19 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 phantoms | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 pale | punct |
| 21 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 pale | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Florinda | det |
| 23 | injured | injure | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 Florinda | amod |
| 24 | Florinda | Florinda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 pale | nsubj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 pale | punct |
| 26 | pale | pale | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 dreams | conj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 dishevelled | cc |
| 28 | dishevelled | dishevelled | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 pale | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 imprecating | punct |
| 30 | imprecating | imprecate | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 pale | advcl |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 vengeance | det |
| 32 | vengeance | vengeance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 imprecating | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 Heaven | case |
| 34 | Heaven | Heaven | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 vengeance | nmod |
| 35 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 37 head | case |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 head | nmod:poss |
| 37 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 vengeance | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 beheld | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall a condition, not said to happen | past | light | into a slumber result | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into slumber=Result | ||||
| 2 | behold | past | light | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | dream | present | light not said here | the shadowy phantoms of the necromantic tower | light nmod:poss | vn cognize-85 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phantom=Topic | |||
| 4 | injure | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | imprecate | gerund | light not said here | the vengeance of Heaven | upon light's head | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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