Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 42
The sea is behind you, the enemy before; you have no hope but in your valour and the help of God.
Who acts: sea, you · What happens: be, have, help · To what, where: enemy, hope, God
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sea, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 sea | det |
| 2 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 enemy | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 enemy | cop |
| 4 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 5 you | case |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 8 enemy | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 enemy | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 enemy | det |
| 8 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | before | before | ADV | _ | 8 enemy | advmod |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 have | punct |
| 11 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 have | nsubj |
| 12 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 enemy | parataxis |
| 13 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 14 hope | det |
| 14 | hope | hope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 have | obj |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 valour | cc |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 valour | case |
| 17 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 valour | nmod:poss |
| 18 | valour | valour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 hope | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 help | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 help | det |
| 21 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 valour | conj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 God | case |
| 23 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 help | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 enemy | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the sea | the enemy | behind you; before property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | have | present | you | no hope but your valour and the help of God | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Patient | ||||
| 3 | help | God | nom help «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/42/