Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 44
With these words he put spurs to his horse and sprang among the enemy, striking to right and left, cutting down and destroying, while his steed, fierce as himself, trampled upon the foot-soldiers, and tore them with his teeth.
Who acts: field · What happens: put, strike, cut down, destroy, trample, tore · To what, where: spurs, enemy, steed
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (field), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | With | with | ADP | _ | 3 words | case |
| 2 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 words | det |
| 3 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 put | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 put | nsubj |
| 5 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | spurs | spur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 put | obj |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 horse | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 horse | nmod:poss |
| 9 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 put | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 sprang | cc |
| 11 | sprang | sprang | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 horse | conj |
| 12 | among | among | ADP | _ | 14 enemy | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 enemy | det |
| 14 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 put | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 striking | punct |
| 16 | striking | strike | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 put | advcl |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 right | case |
| 18 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 striking | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 left | cc |
| 20 | left | left | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 right | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 cutting | punct |
| 22 | cutting | cut | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 striking | conj |
| 23 | down | down | ADV | _ | 22 cutting | compound:prt |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 destroying | cc |
| 25 | destroying | destroy | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 cutting | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 steed | punct |
| 27 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 29 steed | mark |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 steed | nmod:poss |
| 29 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 cutting | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 fierce | punct |
| 31 | fierce | fierce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 steed | amod |
| 32 | as | as | ADP | _ | 33 himself | case |
| 33 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 31 fierce | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 trampled | punct |
| 35 | trampled | trample | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 steed | conj |
| 36 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 40 soldiers | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 soldiers | det |
| 38 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 soldiers | compound |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 foot | punct |
| 40 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 trampled | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 tore | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 tore | cc |
| 43 | tore | tore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 put | conj |
| 44 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 tore | obj |
| 45 | with | with | ADP | _ | 47 teeth | case |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 47 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 tore | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 put | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put | past | field | spurs | the enemy | with this words; to field's horse and sprang | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent spur=Theme among enemy=Destination | ||
| 2 | strike | gerund | field not said here | to right result | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent to right=Result | ||||
| 3 | cut down | gerund | field not said here | field's steed | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | destroy | gerund | field not said here | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | trample | participle | field not said here | upon the foot soldiers | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | tore | past | field not said here | spurs = spur | with field's teeth | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/44/