Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 48
The Christians knew not whom to contend with, or whom to trust.
Who acts: Christians · What happens: not know, contend, trust · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Christians | det |
| 2 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 knew | nsubj |
| 3 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 3 knew | advmod |
| 5 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 contend | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 contend | mark |
| 7 | contend | contend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 knew | ccomp |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 contend | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 trust | punct |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 trust | cc |
| 11 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 trust | obj |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 trust | mark |
| 13 | trust | trust | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 contend | conj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not know | past | the Christians | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | contend | to-infinitive | whom obj | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | trust | to-infinitive | whom obj | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/48/