Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 55
They were pursued with dreadful slaughter, until the darkness of the night rendered it impossible to distinguish friend from foe.
Who acts: darkness · What happens: pursue, render, distinguish · To what, where: bands, slaughter, friend
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (darkness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 pursued | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 pursued | aux:pass |
| 3 | pursued | pursue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 slaughter | case |
| 5 | dreadful | dreadful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 slaughter | amod |
| 6 | slaughter | slaughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pursued | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 rendered | punct |
| 8 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 14 rendered | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 darkness | det |
| 10 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 rendered | nsubj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 night | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 night | det |
| 13 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 darkness | nmod |
| 14 | rendered | render | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 pursued | conj |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 rendered | obj |
| 16 | impossible | impossible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 rendered | xcomp |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 distinguish | mark |
| 18 | distinguish | distinguish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 impossible | xcomp |
| 19 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 distinguish | obj |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 foe | case |
| 21 | foe | foe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 distinguish | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 pursued | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pursue | past · passive | bands = band | with dreadful slaughter | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | render | past | the darkness of the night | slaughter | impossible property | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 3 | distinguish | to-infinitive | the darkness of the night not said here | friend | from foe | vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent friend=Theme from foe=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/55/