Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 23
The river at this place ran broad and deep, and was encumbered with the dead bodies of warriors and steeds; it has been supposed, therefore, that he perished in the stream; but his body was not found within its waters.
Who acts: river, Orelia · What happens: run, encumber, suppose, perish, not find · To what, where: river, stream, body
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (river, Orelia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 river | det |
| 2 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 ran | nsubj |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 place | case |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 place | det |
| 5 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 river | nmod |
| 6 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | broad | broad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 ran | xcomp |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 deep | cc |
| 9 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 broad | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 encumbered | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 encumbered | cc |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 encumbered | aux:pass |
| 13 | encumbered | encumber | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 ran | conj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 bodies | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 bodies | det |
| 16 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 bodies | amod |
| 17 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 encumbered | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 warriors | case |
| 19 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 bodies | nmod |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 steeds | cc |
| 21 | steeds | steed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 warriors | conj |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 supposed | punct |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 supposed | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 supposed | aux |
| 25 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 supposed | aux:pass |
| 26 | supposed | suppose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 ran | parataxis |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 therefore | punct |
| 28 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 26 supposed | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 perished | punct |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 perished | mark |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 perished | nsubj |
| 32 | perished | perish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 supposed | conj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 stream | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 stream | det |
| 35 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 perished | obl |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 found | punct |
| 37 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 42 found | cc |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 body | nmod:poss |
| 39 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 found | nsubj:pass |
| 40 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 found | aux:pass |
| 41 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 42 found | advmod |
| 42 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 ran | conj |
| 43 | within | within | ADP | _ | 45 waters | case |
| 44 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 waters | nmod:poss |
| 45 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 found | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | the river at this place | broad property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | encumber | past · passive | the river at this place not said here | with the dead bodies of warriors and steeds | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: with body=Theme | ||||
| 3 | suppose | present · perfect · passive | river | therefore property | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | perish | past | Orelia | the stream | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | not find | past · passive | Orelia's body | within river's waters | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/19/23/