Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 25
It was said, that having from a rising ground caught a view of the whole field of battle, and seen that the day was lost, and his army flying in all directions, he likewise sought his safety in flight.
Who acts: that, rising ground, army · What happens: say, have, rise, catch, see, lose · To what, where: rumour, view, day, directions, safety, flight · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, rising ground, army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | aux:pass |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 having | punct |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 having | nsubj |
| 6 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 said | advcl |
| 7 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 11 caught | mark |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 ground | det |
| 9 | rising | rise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 ground | amod |
| 10 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 caught | nsubj |
| 11 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 having | advcl |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 view | det |
| 13 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 caught | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 field | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 field | det |
| 16 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 field | amod |
| 17 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 view | nmod |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 battle | case |
| 19 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 field | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 seen | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 seen | cc |
| 22 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 said | conj |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 27 lost | mark |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 day | det |
| 25 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 lost | aux:pass |
| 27 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 seen | advcl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 sought | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 sought | cc |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 army | nmod:poss |
| 31 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 sought | nsubj |
| 32 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 army | acl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 directions | case |
| 34 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 directions | det |
| 35 | directions | direction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 flying | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 sought | punct |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 sought | nsubj |
| 38 | likewise | likewise | ADV | _ | 39 sought | advmod |
| 39 | sought | seek | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 seen | conj |
| 40 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 safety | nmod:poss |
| 41 | safety | safety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 sought | obj |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 flight | case |
| 43 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 sought | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past · passive | rumour | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 2 | have | gerund | that | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | rise | gerund | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | catch | past | a rising ground | a view of the whole field of battle | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent view=Theme | ||||
| 5 | see | participle | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 6 | lose | past · passive | the day | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | fly | gerund | ground's army not said here | all directions | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in direction=Location | ||||
| 8 | seek | past | ground's army | ground's safety | flight | ground nsubj; likewise property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent safety=Theme in flight=Location | ||
| 9 | view | the whole field of battle | nom view «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/19/25/