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Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 28

On being questioned, the trembling rustic declared, that while tending his sheep in the folds of the mountains, there came a cavalier on a horse wearied and spent and ready to sink beneath the spur; that the cavalier with an authoritative voice and menacing air commanded him to exchange garments with him, and clad himself in his rude garb of sheep-skin, and took his crook and his scrip of provisions, and continued up the rugged defiles of the mountains leading towards Castile, until he was lost to view.

Who acts: that, cavalier, mountains · What happens: question, tremble, declare, tend, come, weary · To what, where: sheep, folds, cavalier, Julian, garments, rude garb · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, cavalier, mountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

markaux:passpunctdetadvclamodxcomppunctnsubjmarkconjnmod:possobjcasedetoblcasedetnmodpunctexplconjdetobjcasedetnmodaclccconjccconjmarkxcompcasedetoblpunctmarkdetnsubjcasedetamodnmodccamodconjparataxisobjmarkxcompobjcaseoblpunctccconjobjcasenmod:possamodoblcasenmodpunctconjpunctccconjnmod:possobjccnmod:possconjcasenmodpunctccparataxiscompound:prtdetamodobjcasedetnmodaclcaseoblpunctmarknsubjaux:passconjmarkxcomppunctrootOnSCONJbeingAUXquestionedVERB,PUNCTtheDETtremblingVERBrusticADJdeclaredVERB,PUNCTthatPRONwhileSCONJtendingVERBhisPRONsheepNOUNinADPtheDETfoldsNOUNofADPtheDETmountainsNOUN,PUNCTtherePRONcameVERBaDETcavalierNOUNonADPaDEThorseNOUNweariedVERBandCCONJspentVERBandCCONJreadyADJtoPARTsinkVERBbeneathADPtheDETspurNOUN;PUNCTthatSCONJtheDETcavalierNOUNwithADPanDETauthoritativeADJvoiceNOUNandCCONJmenacingVERBairNOUNcommandedVERBhimPRONtoPARTexchangeVERBgarmentsNOUNwithADPhimPRON,PUNCTandCCONJcladVERBhimselfPRONinADPhisPRONrudeADJgarbNOUNofADPsheepNOUN-PUNCTskinNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtookVERBhisPRONcrookNOUNandCCONJhisPRONscripNOUNofADPprovisionsNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJcontinuedVERBupADPtheDETruggedADJdefilesNOUNofADPtheDETmountainsNOUNleadingVERBtowardsADPCastilePROPN,PUNCTuntilSCONJhePRONwasAUXlostVERBtoPARTviewVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1OnonSCONJ_3 questionedmark
2beingbeAUXTense=Pres VerbForm=Part3 questionedaux:pass
3questionedquestionVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
4,,PUNCT_3 questionedpunct
5thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art6 tremblingdet
6tremblingtrembleVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part3 questionedadvcl
7rusticrusticADJDegree=Pos8 declaredamod
8declareddeclareVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass6 tremblingxcomp
9,,PUNCT_12 tendingpunct
10thatthatPRONPronType=Rel12 tendingnsubj
11whilewhileSCONJ_12 tendingmark
12tendingtendVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part6 tremblingconj
13hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs14 sheepnmod:poss
14sheepsheepNOUNNumber=Plur12 tendingobj
15ininADP_17 foldscase
16thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art17 foldsdet
17foldsfoldNOUNNumber=Plur12 tendingobl
18ofofADP_20 mountainscase
19thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 mountainsdet
20mountainsmountainNOUNNumber=Plur17 foldsnmod
21,,PUNCT_23 camepunct
22theretherePRONPronType=Dem23 cameexpl
23camecomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin12 tendingconj
24aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art25 cavalierdet
25cavaliercavalierNOUNNumber=Sing23 cameobj
26ononADP_28 horsecase
27aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art28 horsedet
28horsehorseNOUNNumber=Sing25 cavaliernmod
29weariedwearyVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass25 cavalieracl
30andandCCONJ_31 spentcc
31spentspendVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass29 weariedconj
32andandCCONJ_33 readycc
33readyreadyADJDegree=Pos29 weariedconj
34totoPART_35 sinkmark
35sinksinkVERBVerbForm=Inf33 readyxcomp
36beneathbeneathADP_38 spurcase
37thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art38 spurdet
38spurspurNOUNNumber=Sing35 sinkobl
39;;PUNCT_50 commandedpunct
40thatthatSCONJ_50 commandedmark
41thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art42 cavalierdet
42cavaliercavalierNOUNNumber=Sing50 commandednsubj
43withwithADP_46 voicecase
44anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art46 voicedet
45authoritativeauthoritativeADJDegree=Pos46 voiceamod
46voicevoiceNOUNNumber=Sing42 cavaliernmod
47andandCCONJ_49 aircc
48menacingmenaceVERBVerbForm=Ger49 airamod
49airairNOUNNumber=Sing42 cavalierconj
50commandedcommandVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin23 cameparataxis
51himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs50 commandedobj
52totoPART_53 exchangemark
53exchangeexchangeVERBVerbForm=Inf50 commandedxcomp
54garmentsgarmentNOUNNumber=Plur53 exchangeobj
55withwithADP_56 himcase
56himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs53 exchangeobl
57,,PUNCT_59 cladpunct
58andandCCONJ_59 cladcc
59cladcladVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin50 commandedconj
60himselfhimselfPRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes59 cladobj
61ininADP_64 garbcase
62hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs64 garbnmod:poss
63ruderudeADJDegree=Pos64 garbamod
64garbgarbNOUNNumber=Sing59 cladobl
65ofofADP_66 sheepcase
66sheepsheepNOUNNumber=Plur64 garbnmod
67--PUNCT_68 skinpunct
68skinskinNOUNNumber=Sing66 sheepconj
69,,PUNCT_71 tookpunct
70andandCCONJ_71 tookcc
71tooktakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin50 commandedconj
72hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs73 crooknmod:poss
73crookcrookNOUNNumber=Sing71 tookobj
74andandCCONJ_76 scripcc
75hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs76 scripnmod:poss
76scripscripNOUNNumber=Sing73 crookconj
77ofofADP_78 provisionscase
78provisionsprovisionNOUNNumber=Plur76 scripnmod
79,,PUNCT_81 continuedpunct
80andandCCONJ_81 continuedcc
81continuedcontinueVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass71 tookparataxis
82upupADP_81 continuedcompound:prt
83thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art85 defilesdet
84ruggedruggedADJDegree=Pos85 defilesamod
85defilesdefileNOUNNumber=Plur81 continuedobj
86ofofADP_88 mountainscase
87thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art88 mountainsdet
88mountainsmountainNOUNNumber=Plur85 defilesnmod
89leadingleadVERBVerbForm=Ger88 mountainsacl
90towardstowardsADP_91 Castilecase
91CastileCastilePROPNNumber=Sing89 leadingobl
92,,PUNCT_96 lostpunct
93untiluntilSCONJ_96 lostmark
94hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs96 lostnsubj
95wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin96 lostaux:pass
96lostloseVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass81 continuedconj
97totoPART_98 viewmark
98viewviewVERBVerbForm=Inf96 lostxcomp
99..PUNCT_3 questionedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1question speech: othergerund · passivevn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»
2tremblegerundtree rules
3declare speech: otherparticiplevn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
4tendgerundthatJulian's sheepthe folds of the mountainsvn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme
5comepastthat not said herea cavalierthereon a horsevn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cavalier=Theme
6wearyparticiplea cavalier not said herevn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
7spendparticiplevn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
8sinkto-infinitivebeneath the spurvn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
9menacegerundvn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
10commandpastthe cavalier with a authoritative voice and menacing airJulianvn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic
11exchange not said to happento-infinitivethe cavalier with a authoritative voice and menacing air not said heregarmentswith Julianvn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent garment=Theme with he=Co-Agent
12cladpastthe cavalier with a authoritative voice and menacing air not said hereJulianJulian's rude garb of sheep and skintree rules
13takepastthe cavalier with a authoritative voice and menacing air not said hereJulian's crook and Julian's scrip of provisionsvn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crook=Theme
14continue upparticiplethe rugged defiles of the mountainsvn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent defile=Theme
15leadgerundthe mountains not said heretowards Castilevn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent towards castile=Destination
16losepast · passiveJuliantree rules
17viewto-infinitivevn characterize-29.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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