Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick., sentence 35
As his soldiers were ranging about the city and its environs, one of them discovered in a field, outside of the walls, a small chapel or hermitage, with a sepulchre in front, on which was inscribed this epitaph in Gothic characters:—
Who acts: soldiers, one · What happens: range, discover, inscribe · To what, where: field, epitaph, sepulchre
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Field of Battle After the Defeat.—the Fate of Roderick.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soldiers, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 5 ranging | mark |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 soldiers | nmod:poss |
| 3 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 ranging | nsubj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 ranging | aux |
| 5 | ranging | range | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 discovered | advcl |
| 6 | about | about | ADP | _ | 8 city | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 city | det |
| 8 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ranging | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 environs | cc |
| 10 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 environs | nmod:poss |
| 11 | environs | environ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 city | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 ranging | punct |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 discovered | nsubj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 them | case |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 one | nmod |
| 16 | discovered | discover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 field | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 field | det |
| 19 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 discovered | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 walls | punct |
| 21 | outside | outside | ADP | _ | 24 walls | case |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 walls | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 walls | det |
| 24 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 field | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 chapel | punct |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 chapel | det |
| 27 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 chapel | amod |
| 28 | chapel | chapel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 field | conj |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 hermitage | cc |
| 30 | hermitage | hermitage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 chapel | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 sepulchre | punct |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 sepulchre | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 sepulchre | det |
| 34 | sepulchre | sepulchre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 discovered | parataxis |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 front | case |
| 36 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 sepulchre | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 inscribed | punct |
| 38 | on | on | ADP | _ | 39 which | case |
| 39 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 inscribed | obl |
| 40 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 inscribed | aux:pass |
| 41 | inscribed | inscribe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 sepulchre | conj |
| 42 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 43 epitaph | det |
| 43 | epitaph | epitaph | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 inscribed | obj |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 characters | case |
| 45 | Gothic | gothic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 characters | amod |
| 46 | characters | character | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 inscribed | obl |
| 47 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 discovered | punct |
| 48 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 discovered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | range | past · progressive | Lusitania's soldiers | about the city and city's environs | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | discover | past | one of environs | a field and the walls and a small chapel or hermitage | a sepulchre in front parataxis | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | inscribe | past · passive | one of environs not said here | this epitaph | a sepulchre in front | in Gothic characters | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: epitaph=Theme on which=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/19/35/