Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 19
The fruits of regular and secure government were manifest in the advancement of agriculture, commerce, and the peaceful arts, and in the increase of wealth, luxury, and refinement; but there was a gradual decline of the simple, hardy, and warlike habits that had distinguished the nation in its semi-barbarous days.
Who acts: fruits · What happens: be, distinguish, advance · To what, where: advancement, gradual decline, simple warlike habits, agriculture
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fruits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 fruits | det |
| 2 | fruits | fruit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 manifest | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 government | case |
| 4 | regular | regular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 government | amod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 secure | cc |
| 6 | secure | secure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 regular | conj |
| 7 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fruits | nmod |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 manifest | cop |
| 9 | manifest | manifest | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 advancement | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 advancement | det |
| 12 | advancement | advancement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 manifest | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 agriculture | case |
| 14 | agriculture | agriculture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 advancement | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 commerce | punct |
| 16 | commerce | commerce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 advancement | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 arts | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 arts | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 arts | det |
| 20 | peaceful | peaceful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 arts | amod |
| 21 | arts | art | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 manifest | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 increase | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 increase | cc |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 increase | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 increase | det |
| 26 | increase | increase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 manifest | conj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 wealth | case |
| 28 | wealth | wealth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 increase | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 luxury | punct |
| 30 | luxury | luxury | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 increase | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 refinement | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 refinement | cc |
| 33 | refinement | refinement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 increase | conj |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 decline | punct |
| 35 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 37 was | cc |
| 36 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 37 was | expl |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 decline | cop |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 decline | det |
| 39 | gradual | gradual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 decline | amod |
| 40 | decline | decline | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 manifest | conj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 habits | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 habits | det |
| 43 | simple | simple | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 habits | amod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 hardy | punct |
| 45 | hardy | hardy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 simple | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 habits | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 habits | cc |
| 48 | warlike | warlike | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 habits | amod |
| 49 | habits | habit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 decline | nmod |
| 50 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 52 distinguished | nsubj:pass |
| 51 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 distinguished | aux |
| 52 | distinguished | distinguish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 habits | acl:relcl |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 nation | det |
| 54 | nation | nation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 distinguished | obj |
| 55 | in | in | ADP | _ | 58 days | case |
| 56 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 days | nmod:poss |
| 57 | semi-barbarous | semi-barbarous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 days | amod |
| 58 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 distinguished | obl |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 manifest | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the fruits of regular government | the advancement of agriculture and commerce | the peaceful arts obl; the increase of wealth and luxury and refinement conj; manifest property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is a | past | the fruits of regular government not said here | a gradual decline | of the simple warlike habits | tree rules | |||
| 3 | distinguish | past · perfect · passive | the simple warlike habits | day | the nation obj | tree rules | |||
| 4 | advance | agriculture | nom advancement «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/2/19/