Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 33
The sovereign pontiff Constantine threatened to depose and excommunicate him, unless he abrogated this licentious law; but Witiza set him at defiance, threatening, like his Gothic predecessor Alaric, to assail the eternal city with his troops, and make spoil of her accumulated treasures.
Who acts: sovereign pontiff, pontiff, Witiza, Alaric · What happens: threaten, depose, excommunicate, abrogate, set, assail · To what, where: Constantine, licentious law, defiance, Gothic predecessor, eternal city, spoil
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sovereign pontiff, pontiff, Witiza, Alaric), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 pontiff | det |
| 2 | sovereign | sovereign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pontiff | compound |
| 3 | pontiff | pontiff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 threatened | nsubj |
| 4 | Constantine | Constantine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 threatened | nsubj |
| 5 | threatened | threaten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 depose | mark |
| 7 | depose | depose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 threatened | xcomp |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 excommunicate | cc |
| 9 | excommunicate | excommunicate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 depose | conj |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 excommunicate | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 abrogated | punct |
| 12 | unless | unless | SCONJ | _ | 14 abrogated | mark |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 abrogated | nsubj |
| 14 | abrogated | abrogate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 excommunicate | conj |
| 15 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 law | det |
| 16 | licentious | licentious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 law | amod |
| 17 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 abrogated | obj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 set | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 set | cc |
| 20 | Witiza | Witiza | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 set | nsubj |
| 21 | set | set | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 threatened | conj |
| 22 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 set | obj |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 defiance | case |
| 24 | defiance | defiance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 set | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 threatening | punct |
| 26 | threatening | threaten | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 set | advcl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 predecessor | punct |
| 28 | like | like | ADP | _ | 31 predecessor | case |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 predecessor | nmod:poss |
| 30 | Gothic | gothic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 predecessor | amod |
| 31 | predecessor | predecessor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 threatening | obj |
| 32 | Alaric | Alaric | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 predecessor | appos |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 assail | punct |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 assail | mark |
| 35 | assail | assail | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 26 threatening | parataxis |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 city | det |
| 37 | eternal | eternal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 city | amod |
| 38 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 assail | obj |
| 39 | with | with | ADP | _ | 41 troops | case |
| 40 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 troops | nmod:poss |
| 41 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 38 city | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 make | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 make | cc |
| 44 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 35 assail | conj |
| 45 | spoil | spoil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 make | obj |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 treasures | case |
| 47 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 treasures | nmod:poss |
| 48 | accumulated | accumulate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 treasures | amod |
| 49 | treasures | treasure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 spoil | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 threatened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | threaten | past | the sovereign pontiff | Constantine nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | depose not said to happen | to-infinitive | the sovereign pontiff not said here | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | excommunicate | infinitive | the sovereign pontiff not said here | Constantine | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 4 | abrogate a condition, not said to happen | past | pontiff | this licentious law | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | set | past | Witiza | Constantine | defiance | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme at defiance=Destination | |||
| 6 | threaten | gerund | Witiza not said here | Witiza's Gothic predecessor | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus predecessor=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | assail | to-infinitive | the eternal city | with Witiza's troops | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient | ||||
| 8 | make | infinitive | spoil of Alaric's accumulated treasures | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset spoil=Product | |||||
| 9 | accumulate | participle | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 10 | spoil | Alaric's accumulated treasures | nom spoil «possession transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 11 | treasure | Alaric | nom treasure «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/2/33/