Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 43
The children of Israel, ever since the time when they borrowed the jewels of gold and the jewels of silver from their neighbours, on preparing for their memorable flight out of Egypt, have been curious dealers in gold and silver and precious stones: on this occasion, therefore, they were enabled, it is said, to repay the monarch for his protection by bags of money, and caskets of sparkling gems, the rich product of their oriental commerce.
Who acts: children, Witiza · What happens: borrow, prepare, be, enable, say, repay · To what, where: jewels, neighbours, curious dealers, gold, children, silver · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, Witiza), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 children | det |
| 2 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 dealers | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Israel | case |
| 4 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 children | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 time | punct |
| 6 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 9 time | advmod |
| 7 | since | since | ADP | _ | 9 time | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 time | det |
| 9 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Israel | appos |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 borrowed | advmod |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 borrowed | nsubj |
| 12 | borrowed | borrow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 time | advcl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 jewels | det |
| 14 | jewels | jewel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 borrowed | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 gold | case |
| 16 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 jewels | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 jewels | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 jewels | det |
| 19 | jewels | jewel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 jewels | conj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 silver | case |
| 21 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 jewels | nmod |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 neighbours | case |
| 23 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 neighbours | nmod:poss |
| 24 | neighbours | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 borrowed | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 preparing | punct |
| 26 | on | on | SCONJ | _ | 27 preparing | mark |
| 27 | preparing | prepare | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 borrowed | advcl |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 31 flight | case |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 flight | nmod:poss |
| 30 | memorable | memorable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 flight | amod |
| 31 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 preparing | obl |
| 32 | out | out | ADP | _ | 34 Egypt | case |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 Egypt | case |
| 34 | Egypt | Egypt | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 flight | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 children | punct |
| 36 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 dealers | aux |
| 37 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 39 dealers | cop |
| 38 | curious | curious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 dealers | amod |
| 39 | dealers | dealer | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 gold | case |
| 41 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 dealers | nmod |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 silver | cc |
| 43 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 gold | conj |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 stones | cc |
| 45 | precious | precious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 stones | amod |
| 46 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 gold | conj |
| 47 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 50 occasion | punct |
| 48 | on | on | ADP | _ | 50 occasion | case |
| 49 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 50 occasion | det |
| 50 | occasion | occasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 dealers | conj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 enabled | punct |
| 52 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 56 enabled | advmod |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 enabled | punct |
| 54 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 56 enabled | nsubj |
| 55 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 enabled | aux:pass |
| 56 | enabled | enable | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 occasion | parataxis |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 said | punct |
| 58 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 60 said | nsubj |
| 59 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 60 said | aux:pass |
| 60 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 56 enabled | conj |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 repay | punct |
| 62 | to | to | PART | _ | 63 repay | mark |
| 63 | repay | repay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 60 said | conj |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 monarch | det |
| 65 | monarch | monarch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 repay | obj |
| 66 | for | for | ADP | _ | 68 protection | case |
| 67 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 68 protection | nmod:poss |
| 68 | protection | protection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 repay | obl |
| 69 | by | by | ADP | _ | 70 bags | case |
| 70 | bags | bag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 repay | obl |
| 71 | of | of | ADP | _ | 72 money | case |
| 72 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 bags | nmod |
| 73 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 75 caskets | punct |
| 74 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 75 caskets | cc |
| 75 | caskets | casket | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 occasion | conj |
| 76 | of | of | ADP | _ | 78 gems | case |
| 77 | sparkling | sparkling | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 78 gems | amod |
| 78 | gems | gem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 75 caskets | nmod |
| 79 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 82 product | punct |
| 80 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 82 product | det |
| 81 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 82 product | amod |
| 82 | product | product | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 occasion | conj |
| 83 | of | of | ADP | _ | 86 commerce | case |
| 84 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 86 commerce | nmod:poss |
| 85 | oriental | oriental | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 86 commerce | amod |
| 86 | commerce | commerce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 82 product | nmod |
| 87 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 39 dealers | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | borrow | past | children = child | the jewels of gold and the jewels of silver | jewels's neighbours | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent jewel=Theme from neighbour=Source | |||
| 2 | prepare | gerund | children = child not said here | for jewels's memorable flight out Egypt | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for flight=Beneficiary | ||||
| 3 | is a | present · perfect | the children of Israel | curious dealers and this occasion and caskets of sparkling gems and the rich product of children's oriental commerce | gold and silver and precious stones | this occasion and caskets of sparkling gems and the rich product of children's oriental commerce conj | tree rules | ||
| 4 | enable | past · passive | children = child | therefore property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | present · passive | silver | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 6 | repay | to-infinitive | the monarch | for Witiza's protection; by bags of money | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent monarch=Asset for protection=Theme | ||||
| 7 | protect | Witiza | nom protection «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/2/43/