Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked., sentence 50
The altars were abandoned, the churches closed, wide disorder and sensuality prevailed throughout the land; so that, according to the old chroniclers, within the compass of a few short years, “Witiza the Wicked taught all Spain to sin.”
Who acts: wide disorder, old chroniclers · What happens: abandon, close, prevail, accord, teach, sin · To what, where: altars, land, Spain
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain.—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wide disorder, old chroniclers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 altars | det |
| 2 | altars | altar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 abandoned | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 abandoned | aux:pass |
| 4 | abandoned | abandon | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 churches | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 churches | det |
| 7 | churches | church | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 abandoned | obl |
| 8 | closed | close | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 abandoned | xcomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 disorder | punct |
| 10 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 disorder | amod |
| 11 | disorder | disorder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 prevailed | nsubj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 sensuality | cc |
| 13 | sensuality | sensuality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 disorder | conj |
| 14 | prevailed | prevail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 abandoned | parataxis |
| 15 | throughout | throughout | ADP | _ | 17 land | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 land | det |
| 17 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 prevailed | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 taught | punct |
| 19 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 20 that | case |
| 20 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 41 taught | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 chroniclers | punct |
| 22 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 chroniclers | case |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 according | fixed |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 chroniclers | det |
| 25 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 chroniclers | amod |
| 26 | chroniclers | chronicler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 taught | nsubj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 compass | punct |
| 28 | within | within | ADP | _ | 30 compass | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 compass | det |
| 30 | compass | compass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 chroniclers | conj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 years | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 years | det |
| 33 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 years | amod |
| 34 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 years | amod |
| 35 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 compass | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 Witiza | punct |
| 37 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 Witiza | punct |
| 38 | Witiza | Witiza | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 chroniclers | nmod |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 Wicked | det |
| 40 | Wicked | Wicked | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Witiza | appos |
| 41 | taught | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 abandoned | conj |
| 42 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 43 Spain | det |
| 43 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 taught | obj |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 sin | mark |
| 45 | sin | sin | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 taught | xcomp |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 abandoned | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 abandoned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | abandon | past · passive | the altars | the churches obl | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | close | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | prevail | past | wide disorder and sensuality | the land | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme throughout land=Location | ||||
| 4 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | teach speech: other in a quote | past | the old chroniclers Witiza and the compass of a few short years | all Spain | so that | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent spain=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 6 | sin in a quote | to-infinitive | the old chroniclers Witiza and the compass of a few short years not said here | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/2/50/