Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 2
This ancient city, which dates its existence almost from the time of the flood, claiming as its founder Tubal, the son of Japhet, and grandson of Noah[28], has been the warrior hold of many generations, and a strange diversity of races.
Who acts: ancient city, city · What happens: date, claim, be, exist · To what, where: existence, warrior hold
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancient city, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 city | det |
| 2 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 city | amod |
| 3 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 hold | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 dates | punct |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 dates | nsubj |
| 6 | dates | date | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 city | acl:relcl |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 existence | nmod:poss |
| 8 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 dates | obj |
| 9 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 12 time | advmod |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 time | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 time | det |
| 12 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 dates | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 flood | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 flood | det |
| 15 | flood | flood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 time | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 claiming | punct |
| 17 | claiming | claim | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 dates | advcl |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 21 Tubal | case |
| 19 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 founder | nmod:poss |
| 20 | founder | founder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 Tubal | nmod:desc |
| 21 | Tubal | Tubal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 claiming | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 son | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 son | det |
| 24 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 Tubal | appos |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Japhet | case |
| 26 | Japhet | Japhet | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 son | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 grandson | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 grandson | cc |
| 29 | grandson | grandson | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 city | conj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Noah | case |
| 31 | Noah | Noah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 grandson | nmod |
| 32 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 33 28 | punct |
| 33 | 28 | 28 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 grandson | appos |
| 34 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 33 28 | punct |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 city | punct |
| 36 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 hold | aux |
| 37 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 40 hold | cop |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 hold | det |
| 39 | warrior | warrior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 hold | amod |
| 40 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 generations | case |
| 42 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 generations | amod |
| 43 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 hold | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 diversity | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 diversity | cc |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 diversity | det |
| 47 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 diversity | amod |
| 48 | diversity | diversity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 hold | conj |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 races | case |
| 50 | races | race | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 diversity | nmod |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 40 hold | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | date | present | this ancient city and grandson of Noah | city's existence | time | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent existence=Co-Agent | |||
| 2 | claim speech: other | gerund | this ancient city and grandson of Noah not said here | as Tubal city's founder | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | is a | present · perfect | this ancient city and grandson of Noah | the warrior hold and a strange diversity of races | of many generations | a strange diversity of races conj | tree rules | ||
| 4 | exist | city | nom existence «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/2/