Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 29
Whoever would reach this precious hoard must pass through several caves or grottos; each having its particular terror, and all under the guardianship of a ferocious dog, who has the key of all the gates, and watches day and night.
Who acts: Whoever, precious hoard, each, ferocious dog · What happens: reach, pass, have, watch · To what, where: several caves, particular terror, guardianship, key
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whoever, precious hoard, each, ferocious dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 reach | nsubj |
| 2 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 reach | aux |
| 3 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 hoard | det |
| 5 | precious | precious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 hoard | amod |
| 6 | hoard | hoard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 pass | nsubj |
| 7 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 pass | aux |
| 8 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 reach | ccomp |
| 9 | through | through | ADP | _ | 11 caves | case |
| 10 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 caves | amod |
| 11 | caves | cave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 pass | obl |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 grottos | cc |
| 13 | grottos | grotto | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 caves | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 having | punct |
| 15 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 having | nsubj |
| 16 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 reach | advcl |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 terror | nmod:poss |
| 18 | particular | particular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 terror | amod |
| 19 | terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 having | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 guardianship | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 guardianship | cc |
| 22 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 25 guardianship | det |
| 23 | under | under | ADP | _ | 25 guardianship | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 guardianship | det |
| 25 | guardianship | guardianship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 having | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 dog | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 dog | det |
| 28 | ferocious | ferocious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 dog | amod |
| 29 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 guardianship | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 has | punct |
| 31 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 has | nsubj |
| 32 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 dog | acl:relcl |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 key | det |
| 34 | key | key | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 has | obj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 gates | case |
| 36 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 gates | det:predet |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 gates | det |
| 38 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 key | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 watches | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 watches | cc |
| 41 | watches | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 reach | conj |
| 42 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 watches | obj |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 night | cc |
| 44 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 day | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 reach | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | would | Whoever | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | pass | must | this precious hoard | several caves or grottos | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through cave=Location | ||||
| 3 | have | gerund | each | hoard's particular terror | all guardianship of a ferocious dog | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent terror=Patient | |||
| 4 | have | present | a ferocious dog | the key of all gates | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent key=Patient | ||||
| 5 | watch | present | Whoever not said here | day | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/29/