Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 35
At length he arrived near to the place where he supposed the treasure lay hidden; but here, to his dismay, he beheld the floor of the cavern strown with human bones; doubtless the remains of adventurers like himself, who had been torn to pieces.
Who acts: contest, treasure · What happens: arrive, suppose, lie, hide, behold, tear · To what, where: length, floor, doubtless remains · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (contest, treasure), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 length | case |
| 2 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 arrived | obl |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 arrived | nsubj |
| 4 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | near | near | ADV | _ | 4 arrived | advmod |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 place | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 place | det |
| 8 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 arrived | obl |
| 9 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 11 supposed | advmod |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 supposed | nsubj |
| 11 | supposed | suppose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 place | acl:relcl |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 treasure | det |
| 13 | treasure | treasure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 lay | nsubj |
| 14 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 supposed | ccomp |
| 15 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 lay | xcomp |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 here | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 here | cc |
| 18 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 arrived | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 beheld | punct |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 dismay | case |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 dismay | nmod:poss |
| 22 | dismay | dismay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 beheld | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dismay | punct |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 beheld | nsubj |
| 25 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 arrived | conj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 floor | det |
| 27 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 beheld | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 strown | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 strown | det |
| 30 | cavern | cavern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 strown | compound |
| 31 | strown | strown | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 floor | nmod |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 bones | case |
| 33 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 bones | amod |
| 34 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 beheld | obl |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 remains | punct |
| 36 | doubtless | doubtless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 remains | amod |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 remains | det |
| 38 | remains | remains | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 4 arrived | parataxis |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 adventurers | case |
| 40 | adventurers | adventurer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 remains | nmod |
| 41 | like | like | ADP | _ | 42 himself | case |
| 42 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 40 adventurers | nmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 torn | punct |
| 44 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 47 torn | nsubj:pass |
| 45 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 torn | aux |
| 46 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 47 torn | aux:pass |
| 47 | torn | tear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 remains | acl |
| 48 | to | to | ADP | _ | 49 pieces | case |
| 49 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 torn | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 arrived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arrive | past | contest | length | to the place; the doubtless remains of adventurers like contest parataxis; near property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | suppose | past | contest | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | lie | past | the treasure | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | hide | participle | the treasure not said here | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | behold | past | contest | the floor of the cavern strown | to contest's dismay; with human bones | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer floor=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | tear | past · perfect · passive | the doubtless remains of adventurers like contest | to pieces result | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient to piece=Result | ||||
| 7 | dismay | contest | nom dismay «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/35/