Legends of the conquest of Spain, The Cave of Hercules., sentence 38
He beheld direful phantoms glaring and gibbering around him, and heard the sound of pursuit in the echoes of his footsteps.
Who acts: contest · What happens: behold, gibber, hear · To what, where: direful phantoms, sound, echoes
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, The Cave of Hercules.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (contest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 beheld | nsubj |
| 2 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | direful | direful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 phantoms | amod |
| 4 | phantoms | phantom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 beheld | obj |
| 5 | glaring | glaring | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 beheld | xcomp |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 gibbering | cc |
| 7 | gibbering | gibber | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 beheld | conj |
| 8 | around | around | ADP | _ | 9 him | case |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 gibbering | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 heard | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 heard | cc |
| 12 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 beheld | conj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sound | det |
| 14 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 heard | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 pursuit | case |
| 16 | pursuit | pursuit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sound | nmod |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 echoes | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 echoes | det |
| 19 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 heard | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 footsteps | case |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 footsteps | nmod:poss |
| 22 | footsteps | footstep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 echoes | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 beheld | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | behold | past | contest | direful phantoms | glaring property | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer phantom=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | gibber speech: other | gerund | contest not said here | around contest | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | hear | past | contest not said here | the sound of pursuit | the echoes of contest's footsteps | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/21/38/