Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter I., sentence 24
“The battles,” said he, “have been terrible as the day of judgment; but, by the aid of Allah, we have gained the victory.”
Who acts: battles, we · What happens: say, be, gain · To what, where: victory · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (battles, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
| 2 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 battles | det |
| 3 | battles | battle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 said | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 battles | punct |
| 5 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 battles | punct |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 said | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 terrible | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 terrible | punct |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 terrible | aux |
| 11 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 terrible | cop |
| 12 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 said | conj |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 day | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 day | det |
| 15 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 terrible | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 judgment | case |
| 17 | judgment | judgment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 day | nmod |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 gained | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 29 gained | cc |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 but | punct |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 aid | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 aid | det |
| 23 | aid | aid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 gained | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Allah | case |
| 25 | Allah | Allah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 aid | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 aid | punct |
| 27 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 gained | nsubj |
| 28 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 gained | aux |
| 29 | gained | gain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 said | parataxis |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 victory | det |
| 31 | victory | victory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 gained | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
| 33 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the battles | battle nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present · perfect | the battles not said here | day | terrible property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | gain in a quote | present · perfect | we | the victory | by the aid of Allah | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent victory=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/22/24/