Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 2
Wherever he appeared the towns, for the most part, sent forth some of their principal inhabitants to proffer a surrender; for they were destitute of fortifications, and their fighting men had perished in battle.
Who acts: terror, most part, towns, fighting men · What happens: appear, send, proffer, be, perish · To what, where: towns, some, surrender, battle
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (terror, most part, towns, fighting men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wherever | wherever | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 appeared | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 appeared | nsubj |
| 3 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 towns | det |
| 5 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 appeared | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 part | punct |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 part | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 part | det |
| 9 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 10 part | amod |
| 10 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 appeared | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 sent | punct |
| 12 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 part | acl |
| 13 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 12 sent | advmod |
| 14 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 sent | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 inhabitants | case |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 inhabitants | nmod:poss |
| 17 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 inhabitants | amod |
| 18 | inhabitants | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 some | nmod |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 proffer | mark |
| 20 | proffer | proffer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 sent | advcl |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 surrender | det |
| 22 | surrender | surrender | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 proffer | obj |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 destitute | punct |
| 24 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 27 destitute | mark |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 destitute | nsubj |
| 26 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 destitute | cop |
| 27 | destitute | destitute | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 appeared | conj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 fortifications | case |
| 29 | fortifications | fortification | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 destitute | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 perished | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 perished | cc |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 men | nmod:poss |
| 33 | fighting | fighting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 men | compound |
| 34 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 perished | nsubj |
| 35 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 perished | aux |
| 36 | perished | perish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 appeared | conj |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 battle | case |
| 38 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 perished | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 appeared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear | past | terror | the towns | the most part conj; wherever property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location town=Theme | |||
| 2 | send | participle | the most part not said here | some of towns's principal inhabitants | forth property | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme | |||
| 3 | proffer | to-infinitive | the most part not said here | a surrender | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent surrender=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | past | towns = town | of fortifications; destitute property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | perish | past · perfect | towns's fighting men | battle | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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