Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 26

As the army advanced, the roads became more and more rugged and difficult; sometimes climbing great rocky heights, and at other times descending abruptly into deep ravines, the beds of winter torrents.

Who acts: roads · What happens: become, climb, descend · To what, where: great rocky heights, deep ravines

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (roads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADP	_	4 advanced	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 advanced	det
3	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 advanced	compound
4	advanced	advanced	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 became	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 advanced	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 roads	det
7	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 became	nsubj
8	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 rugged	advmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 rugged	cc
11	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 rugged	advmod
12	rugged	rugged	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 became	xcomp
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 difficult	cc
14	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 rugged	conj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 climbing	punct
16	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	17 climbing	advmod
17	climbing	climb	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 became	advcl
18	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 heights	amod
19	rocky	rocky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 heights	amod
20	heights	height	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 climbing	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 descending	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 descending	cc
23	at	at	ADP	_	25 times	case
24	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 times	amod
25	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 descending	obl
26	descending	descend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 climbing	conj
27	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	_	26 descending	advmod
28	into	into	ADP	_	30 ravines	case
29	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 ravines	amod
30	ravines	ravine	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 descending	obl
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 beds	punct
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 beds	det
33	beds	bed	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 ravines	conj
34	of	of	ADP	_	36 torrents	case
35	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 torrents	compound
36	torrents	torrent	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 beds	nmod
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 became	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	the roads				as the army advanced; rugged property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	climb	gerund	the roads not said here	great rocky heights			sometimes property	vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location height=Theme
3	descend	gerund	the roads not said here		deep ravines and the beds of winter torrents	time	abruptly property	vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ravine=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/23/26/

🌲 Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 26

The tree

Pragmatics

Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 26