Legends of the conquest of Spain, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains., sentence 48
The brave mountaineers, thus hemmed in between two armies, destitute of fortresses and without hope of succour, were obliged to capitulate; but their valour was not without avail, for never, even in Spain, did vanquished people surrender on prouder or more honourable terms.
Who acts: brave mountaineers, valour, Spain, people, succour · What happens: hem, destitute, oblige, capitulate, not be, vanquish · To what, where: brave mountaineers, prouder honourable terms
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Capture of Granada.—subjugation of the Alpuxarra Mountains.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brave mountaineers, valour, Spain, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 mountaineers | det |
| 2 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 mountaineers | amod |
| 3 | mountaineers | mountaineer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 destitute | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 hemmed | punct |
| 5 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 6 hemmed | advmod |
| 6 | hemmed | hem | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 mountaineers | acl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 armies | case |
| 8 | between | between | ADP | _ | 10 armies | case |
| 9 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 armies | nummod |
| 10 | armies | army | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 hemmed | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 destitute | punct |
| 12 | destitute | destitute | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 fortresses | case |
| 14 | fortresses | fortress | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 obliged | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 hope | cc |
| 16 | without | without | ADP | _ | 17 hope | case |
| 17 | hope | hope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 fortresses | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 succour | case |
| 19 | succour | succour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 hope | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 fortresses | punct |
| 21 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 obliged | aux:pass |
| 22 | obliged | oblige | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 destitute | parataxis |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 capitulate | mark |
| 24 | capitulate | capitulate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 obliged | xcomp |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 avail | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 avail | cc |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 valour | nmod:poss |
| 28 | valour | valour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 avail | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 avail | cop |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 avail | advmod |
| 31 | without | without | ADP | _ | 32 avail | case |
| 32 | avail | avail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 destitute | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 vanquished | punct |
| 34 | for | for | ADP | _ | 35 never | case |
| 35 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 42 vanquished | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 Spain | punct |
| 37 | even | even | ADV | _ | 39 Spain | advmod |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 Spain | case |
| 39 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 vanquished | nsubj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 Spain | punct |
| 41 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 vanquished | aux |
| 42 | vanquished | vanquish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 destitute | conj |
| 43 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 surrender | nsubj |
| 44 | surrender | surrender | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 vanquished | ccomp |
| 45 | on | on | ADP | _ | 50 terms | case |
| 46 | prouder | proud | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 50 terms | amod |
| 47 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 48 more | cc |
| 48 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 46 prouder | conj |
| 49 | honourable | honourable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 terms | amod |
| 50 | terms | term | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 surrender | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 destitute | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hem | participle | the brave mountaineers not said here | in two armies; thus property | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in army=Theme | ||||
| 2 | destitute | present | the brave mountaineers | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | oblige | past · passive | of fortresses and hope of succour | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: clause=Result | |||||
| 4 | capitulate | to-infinitive | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | not is | past | mountaineers's valour | without avail | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | vanquish | past · do-support | Spain | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | surrender | present | people | prouder honourable terms | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | hope | succour | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/23/48/