Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes., sentence 29
Drawing their scimitars, they now hastened to the gate which opened towards the bridge; the guards, suspecting no assault from within, were taken by surprise, and easily overpowered; the gate was thrown open, and the army that had remained in ambush rushed over the bridge, and entered without opposition.
Who acts: cords, gate, surprise · What happens: draw, hasten, open, suspect, take, overpower · To what, where: scimitars, guards, gate, assault, army, ambush
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cords, gate, surprise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Drawing | draw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 hastened | advcl |
| 2 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 scimitars | nmod:poss |
| 3 | scimitars | scimitar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Drawing | obj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Drawing | punct |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 hastened | nsubj |
| 6 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 hastened | advmod |
| 7 | hastened | hasten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 gate | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 gate | det |
| 10 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 hastened | obl |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 opened | nsubj |
| 12 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 gate | acl:relcl |
| 13 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 15 bridge | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 bridge | det |
| 15 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 opened | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 guards | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 guards | det |
| 18 | guards | guard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 hastened | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 suspecting | punct |
| 20 | suspecting | suspect | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 hastened | advcl |
| 21 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 22 assault | det |
| 22 | assault | assault | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 suspecting | obj |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 suspecting | obl |
| 24 | within | within | ADP | _ | 23 from | fixed |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 taken | punct |
| 26 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 taken | aux:pass |
| 27 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 hastened | conj |
| 28 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 surprise | case |
| 29 | surprise | surprise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 taken | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 overpowered | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 overpowered | cc |
| 32 | easily | easily | ADV | _ | 33 overpowered | advmod |
| 33 | overpowered | overpower | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 hastened | conj |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 thrown | punct |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 gate | det |
| 36 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 thrown | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 thrown | aux:pass |
| 38 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 hastened | parataxis |
| 39 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 thrown | xcomp |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 remained | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 remained | cc |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 army | det |
| 43 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 remained | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 remained | nsubj:pass |
| 45 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 remained | aux |
| 46 | remained | remain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 thrown | conj |
| 47 | in | in | ADP | _ | 48 ambush | case |
| 48 | ambush | ambush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 remained | obl |
| 49 | rushed | rush | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 48 ambush | acl |
| 50 | over | over | ADP | _ | 52 bridge | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 bridge | det |
| 52 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 rushed | obl |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 entered | punct |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 entered | cc |
| 55 | entered | enter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 thrown | conj |
| 56 | without | without | ADP | _ | 57 opposition | case |
| 57 | opposition | opposition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 entered | obl |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 hastened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | gerund | cords = cord not said here | cords's scimitars | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scimitar=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hasten | participle | cords = cord | the guards | the gate | now | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to gate=Destination | ||
| 3 | open | past | the gate | towards the bridge | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent towards bridge=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | suspect | gerund | cords = cord not said here | no assault | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent assault=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | take | past · passive | surprise | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | overpower | participle | cords = cord not said here | easily property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | throw | past · passive | the gate | open property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 8 | remain | past · perfect · passive | the army | ambush | that nsubj:pass | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute | |||
| 9 | rush | participle | ambush not said here | the bridge | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over bridge=Trajectory | ||||
| 10 | enter | past | without opposition | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/24/29/