Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes., sentence 6
“Roderick is fallen,” cried they, “and we have neither king nor captain: be unto us as a sovereign; take command of our city, and protect us in this hour of peril!”
Who acts: people, we · What happens: fall, cry, have, be, take, protect · To what, where: Roderick, king, command, us, city · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Magued Against Cordova.—defence of the Patriot Pelistes.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 fallen | punct |
| 2 | Roderick | Roderick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 fallen | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 fallen | aux:pass |
| 4 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 cried | advcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 fallen | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 fallen | punct |
| 7 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 cried | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 have | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 have | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 have | cc |
| 12 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 have | nsubj |
| 13 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cried | parataxis |
| 14 | neither | neither | DET | PronType=Neg | 15 king | det |
| 15 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 have | obj |
| 16 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 17 captain | cc |
| 17 | captain | captain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 king | conj |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 us | punct |
| 19 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 us | cop |
| 20 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 21 us | case |
| 21 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 have | obl |
| 22 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 sovereign | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 sovereign | det |
| 24 | sovereign | sovereign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 us | nmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 take | punct |
| 26 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 have | conj |
| 27 | command | command | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 take | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 city | case |
| 29 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 city | nmod:poss |
| 30 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 command | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 protect | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 protect | cc |
| 33 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 take | advcl |
| 34 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 protect | obj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 hour | case |
| 36 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 37 hour | det |
| 37 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 protect | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 peril | case |
| 39 | peril | peril | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 hour | nmod |
| 40 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 33 protect | punct |
| 41 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall in a quote | present · passive | Roderick | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result | |||||
| 2 | cry speech: express | past | people | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | have in a quote | present | we | neither king nor captain | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | infinitive | unto us; as a sovereign | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | take in a quote | infinitive | we not said here | command of our city | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent command=Theme | ||||
| 6 | protect in a quote | infinitive | we not said here | us | hour | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary | |||
| 7 | command in a quote | our city | nom command «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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