Legends of the conquest of Spain, Defence of the Convent of St. George By Pelistes., sentence 22
Then rising, and standing in the midst of them, “God knows, my companions,” said he, “whether we have any longer a country; if not, better were we in our graves.
Who acts: God, we · What happens: rise, stand, know, say, have, be · To what, where: midst, companions, country, we, graves · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Defence of the Convent of St. George By Pelistes.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (God, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 rising | advmod |
| 2 | rising | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 said | ccomp |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 standing | punct |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 standing | cc |
| 5 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 rising | conj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 midst | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 midst | det |
| 8 | midst | midst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 standing | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 them | case |
| 10 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 midst | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 knows | punct |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 knows | punct |
| 13 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 knows | nsubj |
| 14 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 standing | parataxis |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 companions | punct |
| 16 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 companions | nmod:poss |
| 17 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 knows | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 companions | punct |
| 19 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 knows | punct |
| 20 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 said | nsubj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 better | punct |
| 23 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 better | punct |
| 24 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 26 have | mark |
| 25 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 have | nsubj |
| 26 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 if | advcl |
| 27 | any | any | ADV | _ | 28 longer | advmod |
| 28 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 26 have | advmod |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 country | det |
| 30 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 have | obj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 have | punct |
| 32 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 33 not | mark |
| 33 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 35 better | advcl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 not | punct |
| 35 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 20 said | parataxis |
| 36 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 we | cop |
| 37 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 better | obl |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 graves | case |
| 39 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 graves | nmod:poss |
| 40 | graves | grave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 we | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 20 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rise | gerund | then | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | stand | gerund | the midst of cavaliers | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | know in a quote | present | God | my companions | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer companion=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | God | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | have in a quote | present | we | a country | long property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Patient | |||
| 6 | is a in a quote | past | we | our graves | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/25/22/