Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VI., sentence 27
There was a great massacre, although the people were without arms, and made no resistance; and it is said, in ancient chronicles, that it was the apostate Bishop Oppas who guided the Moslems to their prey, and incited them to this slaughter.
Who acts: great massacre, people, resistance, apostate · What happens: be, make, say, guide, incite · To what, where: resistance, apostate, Moslems, prey, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great massacre, people, resistance, apostate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 was | expl |
| 2 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 massacre | det |
| 4 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 massacre | amod |
| 5 | massacre | massacre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 was | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 arms | punct |
| 7 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 12 arms | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 people | det |
| 9 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 arms | nsubj |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 arms | cop |
| 11 | without | without | ADP | _ | 12 arms | case |
| 12 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 massacre | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 made | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 made | cc |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 was | parataxis |
| 16 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 17 resistance | det |
| 17 | resistance | resistance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 said | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 said | cc |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 said | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 said | aux:pass |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 was | parataxis |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 chronicles | punct |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 chronicles | case |
| 25 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 chronicles | amod |
| 26 | chronicles | chronicle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 said | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 apostate | punct |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 apostate | mark |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 apostate | nsubj |
| 30 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 apostate | cop |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 apostate | det |
| 32 | apostate | apostate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 said | ccomp |
| 33 | Bishop | Bishop | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 apostate | appos |
| 34 | Oppas | Oppas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Bishop | flat |
| 35 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 guided | nsubj |
| 36 | guided | guide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 apostate | parataxis |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Moslems | det |
| 38 | Moslems | Moslem | PROPN | Number=Plur | 36 guided | obj |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 prey | case |
| 40 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 prey | nmod:poss |
| 41 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 guided | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 incited | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 incited | cc |
| 44 | incited | incite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 guided | conj |
| 45 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 incited | obj |
| 46 | to | to | ADP | _ | 48 slaughter | case |
| 47 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 48 slaughter | det |
| 48 | slaughter | slaughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 incited | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | a great massacre and arms | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | past | the people | without arms | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | make | past | no resistance | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset resistance=Product | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present · passive | resistance | ancient chronicles obj | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme chronicle=Manner | ||||
| 5 | is a | past | resistance | the apostate | Bishop appos | tree rules | |||
| 6 | guide | past | the apostate | the Moslems | people's prey | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent moslem=Theme to prey=Destination | |||
| 7 | incite | past | the apostate not said here | people | to this slaughter | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition they=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/27/27/