Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Ben Nozier.—his Entrance Into Spain, and Capture of Carmona., sentence 12
The first place which he assailed was the ancient city of Carmona: it was not of great magnitude, but was fortified with high walls and massive towers, and many of the fugitives of the late army had thrown themselves into it.
Who acts: first place, place · What happens: assail, be, not be, fortify, throw · To what, where: ancient city, great magnitude, many, place
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Ben Nozier.—his Entrance Into Spain, and Capture of Carmona.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first place, place), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 place | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 place | amod |
| 3 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 city | nsubj |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 assailed | nsubj |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 assailed | nsubj |
| 6 | assailed | assail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 place | acl:relcl |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 city | cop |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 city | det |
| 9 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 city | amod |
| 10 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Carmona | case |
| 12 | Carmona | Carmona | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 city | nmod |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 magnitude | punct |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 magnitude | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 magnitude | cop |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 magnitude | advmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 magnitude | case |
| 18 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 magnitude | amod |
| 19 | magnitude | magnitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 city | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 fortified | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 fortified | cc |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 fortified | aux:pass |
| 23 | fortified | fortify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 magnitude | acl:relcl |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 walls | case |
| 25 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 walls | amod |
| 26 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 fortified | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 towers | cc |
| 28 | massive | massive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 towers | amod |
| 29 | towers | tower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 walls | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 thrown | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 thrown | cc |
| 32 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 thrown | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 fugitives | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 fugitives | det |
| 35 | fugitives | fugitive | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 many | nmod |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 army | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 army | det |
| 38 | late | late | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 army | amod |
| 39 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 fugitives | nmod |
| 40 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 thrown | aux |
| 41 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 fortified | conj |
| 42 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 41 thrown | obj |
| 43 | into | into | ADP | _ | 44 it | case |
| 44 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 thrown | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 city | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | assail | past | the first place | Muza nsubj | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | the first place | the ancient city and great magnitude | of Carmona | tree rules | |||
| 3 | not is | past | place | of great magnitude | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | fortify | past · passive | great magnitude not said here | with high walls and massive towers | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: with wall=Theme | ||||
| 5 | throw | past · perfect · passive | many of the fugitives of the late army | place | fugitives = fugitive obj | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination themselves=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/28/12/