Legends of the conquest of Spain, Muza Besieges the City of Merida., sentence 31
“Hell itself,” cried they, “is on the side of these infidels; the earth casts forth warriors and steeds to aid them.
Who acts: Hell, earth · What happens: cry, be, cast, aid · To what, where: side, warriors, Christians · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Muza Besieges the City of Merida.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hell, earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hell | punct |
| 2 | Hell | hell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 cried | nsubj |
| 3 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 2 Hell | nmod:unmarked |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hell | punct |
| 5 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hell | punct |
| 6 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 cried | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 side | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 side | punct |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 side | cop |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 side | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 side | det |
| 13 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 cried | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 infidels | case |
| 15 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 16 infidels | det |
| 16 | infidels | infidel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 side | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 casts | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 earth | det |
| 19 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 casts | nsubj |
| 20 | casts | cast | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 cried | conj |
| 21 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 20 casts | advmod |
| 22 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 casts | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 steeds | cc |
| 24 | steeds | steed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 warriors | conj |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 aid | mark |
| 26 | aid | aid | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 casts | advcl |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 aid | obj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry speech: express | past | Hell Hell | Christians = christian nsubj | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | the side | of this infidels | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | cast in a quote | present | the earth | warriors and steeds | forth property | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warrior=Product | |||
| 4 | aid in a quote | to-infinitive | the earth not said here | Christians = christian | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/30/31/