Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, sentence 2
At this martial feast were many Arab cavaliers who had been present in various battles; and they vied with each other in recounting the daring enterprises in which they had been engaged, and the splendid triumphs they had witnessed.
Who acts: many Arab cavaliers, battles · What happens: be, vie, recount, engage, witness · To what, where: many Arab cavaliers, martial feast, various battles, daring enterprises, battles, splendid triumphs
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many Arab cavaliers, battles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 4 feast | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 feast | det |
| 3 | martial | martial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 feast | amod |
| 4 | feast | feast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 cavaliers | obl |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 cavaliers | cop |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 cavaliers | amod |
| 7 | Arab | Arab | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 cavaliers | amod |
| 8 | cavaliers | cavalier | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 present | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 present | aux |
| 11 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 present | cop |
| 12 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 cavaliers | acl:relcl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 battles | case |
| 14 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 battles | amod |
| 15 | battles | battle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 present | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 vied | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 vied | cc |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 vied | nsubj |
| 19 | vied | vie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 cavaliers | parataxis |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 each | case |
| 21 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 19 vied | obl |
| 22 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 each | fixed |
| 23 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 24 recounting | mark |
| 24 | recounting | recount | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 vied | advcl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 enterprises | det |
| 26 | daring | daring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 enterprises | compound |
| 27 | enterprises | enterprise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 recounting | obj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 which | case |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 engaged | obl |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 engaged | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 engaged | aux |
| 32 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 engaged | aux:pass |
| 33 | engaged | engage | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 enterprises | acl:relcl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 witnessed | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 witnessed | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 triumphs | det |
| 37 | splendid | splendid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 triumphs | amod |
| 38 | triumphs | triumph | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 witnessed | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 witnessed | nsubj |
| 40 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 witnessed | aux |
| 41 | witnessed | witness | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 vied | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 cavaliers | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | many Arab cavaliers | this martial feast | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | past · perfect | many Arab cavaliers | various battles | present property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | vie | past | battles = battle | with each | vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with each=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | recount speech: other | gerund | battles = battle not said here | the daring enterprises | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent enterprise=Topic | ||||
| 5 | engage | past · perfect · passive | battles = battle | the daring enterprises | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme in which=Goal | ||||
| 6 | witness | past · perfect · passive | the splendid triumphs | triumphs = triumph nsubj | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/31/2/