Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, sentence 26
The populace, however, forbade any one to leave the city, and, barring the gates, prepared to defend themselves to the last.
Who acts: populace · What happens: forbid, leave, bar, prepare, defend · To what, where: one, city, gates
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (populace), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 populace | det |
| 2 | populace | populace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 forbade | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 populace | punct |
| 4 | however | however | ADV | _ | 6 forbade | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 however | punct |
| 6 | forbade | forbid | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 one | det |
| 8 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 forbade | obj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 leave | mark |
| 10 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 one | acl |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 city | det |
| 12 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 leave | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 barring | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 barring | cc |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 barring | punct |
| 16 | barring | bar | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 forbade | advcl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 gates | det |
| 18 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 barring | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 prepared | punct |
| 20 | prepared | prepare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 barring | parataxis |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 defend | mark |
| 22 | defend | defend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 prepared | xcomp |
| 23 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 22 defend | obj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 last | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 last | det |
| 26 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 defend | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 forbade | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | forbid | past | the populace | any one | however property | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer one=Theme | |||
| 2 | leave | to-infinitive | the populace not said here | the city | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme | ||||
| 3 | bar | gerund | the populace not said here | the gates | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer gate=Theme | ||||
| 4 | prepare | participle | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute | ||||||
| 5 | defend not said to happen | to-infinitive | gates = gate | to the last | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/31/26/