Legends of the conquest of Spain, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”, sentence 67
Theodomir fought like a lion, but it was all in vain: he saw his two sons cut down, and the greater part of their rash companions, while his raw mountain troops fled in all directions.
Who acts: Theodomir, lion, raw mountain troops · What happens: fight, be, see, cut down, flee · To what, where: two sons, directions
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Expedition of Abdalasis Against Seville and the “land of Tadmir.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Theodomir, lion, raw mountain troops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Theodomir | Theodomir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 fought | nsubj |
| 2 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | like | like | ADP | _ | 5 lion | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 lion | det |
| 5 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fought | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 vain | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 vain | cc |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 vain | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 vain | cop |
| 10 | all | all | ADV | _ | 12 vain | advmod |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 vain | case |
| 12 | vain | vain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 fought | conj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 saw | punct |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 saw | nsubj |
| 15 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 fought | parataxis |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 sons | nmod:poss |
| 17 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 sons | nummod |
| 18 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 saw | obj |
| 19 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 sons | acl |
| 20 | down | down | ADP | _ | 19 cut | compound:prt |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 part | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 part | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 part | det |
| 24 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 25 part | amod |
| 25 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 saw | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 companions | case |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 companions | nmod:poss |
| 28 | rash | rash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 companions | compound |
| 29 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 part | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 fled | punct |
| 31 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 36 fled | mark |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 troops | nmod:poss |
| 33 | raw | raw | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 troops | amod |
| 34 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 troops | compound |
| 35 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 36 fled | nsubj |
| 36 | fled | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 saw | conj |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 directions | case |
| 38 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 39 directions | det |
| 39 | directions | direction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 fled | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 fought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fight | past | Theodomir | like a lion | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | past | lion | all, vain property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | see | past | Theodomir | Theodomir's two sons | the greater part of parts's rash companions conj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer son=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | cut down | participle | Theodomir's two sons not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | flee | past | Theodomir's raw mountain troops | all directions | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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