Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XII., sentence 18

When Muza arrived, Taric had already been for some time before the place, laying close siege: the inhabitants were pressed by famine, and had suffered great losses in repeated combats; but there was a spirit and obstinacy in their resistance surpassing any thing that had yet been witnessed by the invaders.

Who acts: Muza, Taric, place, famine, spirit, resistance · What happens: arrive, have, be, lay, press, suffer · To what, where: close siege, inhabitants, great losses, repeated combats, thing

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muza, Taric, place, famine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	3 arrived	advmod
2	Muza	Muza	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 arrived	nsubj
3	arrived	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 had	advcl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 arrived	punct
5	Taric	Taric	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 had	nsubj
6	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	already	already	ADV	_	11 time	advmod
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	11 time	cop
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 time	case
10	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	11 time	det
11	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 had	obj
12	before	before	ADP	_	14 place	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 place	det
14	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 time	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 laying	punct
16	laying	lay	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 place	acl
17	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 siege	amod
18	siege	siege	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 laying	obj
19	:	:	PUNCT	_	23 pressed	punct
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 inhabitants	det
21	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 pressed	nsubj:pass
22	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 pressed	aux:pass
23	pressed	press	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 had	conj
24	by	by	ADP	_	25 famine	case
25	famine	famine	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 pressed	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 suffered	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 suffered	cc
28	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 suffered	aux
29	suffered	suffer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	23 pressed	conj
30	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 losses	amod
31	losses	loss	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 suffered	obj
32	in	in	ADP	_	34 combats	case
33	repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	34 combats	amod
34	combats	combat	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 suffered	obl
35	;	;	PUNCT	_	38 was	punct
36	but	but	CCONJ	_	38 was	cc
37	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	38 was	expl
38	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 had	parataxis
39	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 spirit	det
40	spirit	spirit	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 was	nsubj
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	42 obstinacy	cc
42	obstinacy	obstinacy	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 spirit	conj
43	in	in	ADP	_	45 resistance	case
44	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	45 resistance	nmod:poss
45	resistance	resistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 spirit	nmod
46	surpassing	surpass	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	45 resistance	acl
47	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	48 thing	det
48	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 surpassing	obj
49	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	53 witnessed	obj
50	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	53 witnessed	aux
51	yet	yet	ADV	_	53 witnessed	advmod
52	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	53 witnessed	aux:pass
53	witnessed	witness	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	48 thing	acl:relcl
54	by	by	ADP	_	56 invaders	case
55	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	56 invaders	det
56	invaders	invader	NOUN	Number=Plur	53 witnessed	obl
57	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	arrive	past	Muza				vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	have	past	Taric				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is	participle				for some time; before the place	tree rules
4	lay	gerund	the place not said here	close siege			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent siege=Result
5	press	past · passive	famine	the inhabitants			vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
6	suffer	past · perfect	famine not said here	great losses	repeated combats		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer loss=Stimulus
7	repeat	participle					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
8	be	past	a spirit in spirit's resistance and obstinacy		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	surpass	gerund	spirit's resistance not said here	any thing			vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme
10	witness	past · perfect · passive	the invaders	any thing		yet	vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Beneficiary
11	resist		spirit				nom resistance «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/33/18/

🌲 Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XII., sentence 18

The tree

Pragmatics

Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XII., sentence 18