Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XII., sentence 39

All its cities and fortresses, and strong holds, were in the hands of the Saracens, excepting some of the wild mountain tracts that bordered the Atlantic, and extended towards the north.

Who acts: wild mountain tracts · What happens: hold, be, except, border, extend · To what, where: hands, some, Atlantic, north, cities

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wild mountain tracts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 cities	det:predet
2	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 cities	nmod:poss
3	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 fortresses	cc
5	fortresses	fortress	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cities	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 holds	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 holds	cc
8	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 holds	amod
9	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cities	parataxis
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 hands	punct
11	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 hands	cop
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 hands	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 hands	det
14	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 holds	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 Saracens	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Saracens	det
17	Saracens	Saracen	PROPN	Number=Plur	14 hands	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 excepting	punct
19	excepting	except	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 holds	advcl
20	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	19 excepting	obj
21	of	of	ADP	_	25 tracts	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 tracts	det
23	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 tracts	amod
24	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 tracts	compound
25	tracts	tract	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 some	nmod
26	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 bordered	nsubj
27	bordered	border	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 tracts	acl:relcl
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 Atlantic	det
29	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 bordered	obj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 extended	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 extended	cc
32	extended	extend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 holds	conj
33	towards	towards	ADP	_	35 north	case
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 north	det
35	north	north	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 extended	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 cities	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	hold	present					vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	past			the hands	of the Saracens	tree rules
3	except	gerund		some of the wild mountain tracts			tree rules
4	border	past	the wild mountain tracts	the Atlantic			vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme atlantic=Co-Theme
5	extend	past			the north		vn body_motion-49.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent towards north=Path

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/33/39/

🌲 Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XII., sentence 39

The tree

Pragmatics

Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XII., sentence 39