Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XIII., sentence 25
When he had uttered these words, say the Arabian chronicles, he resumed his wayfaring; but his eyes were bent upon the ground, and frequent sighs bespoke the heaviness of his heart.
Who acts: Cordova, frequent sighs · What happens: utter, say, resume, bend, bespeak · To what, where: words, Arabian chronicles, wayfaring, eyes, ground, heaviness · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cordova, frequent sighs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 uttered | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 uttered | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 uttered | aux |
| 4 | uttered | utter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 resumed | advcl |
| 5 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 6 words | det |
| 6 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 uttered | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 say | punct |
| 8 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 uttered | parataxis |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 chronicles | det |
| 10 | Arabian | Arabian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 chronicles | amod |
| 11 | chronicles | chronicle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 say | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 uttered | punct |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 resumed | nsubj |
| 14 | resumed | resume | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 wayfaring | nmod:poss |
| 16 | wayfaring | wayfaring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 resumed | obj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 bent | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 bent | cc |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 20 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 bent | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 bent | aux:pass |
| 22 | bent | bend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 resumed | conj |
| 23 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 25 ground | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 ground | det |
| 25 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bent | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 bespoke | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 bespoke | cc |
| 28 | frequent | frequent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 sighs | amod |
| 29 | sighs | sigh | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 bespoke | nsubj |
| 30 | bespoke | bespeak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 resumed | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 heaviness | det |
| 32 | heaviness | heaviness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 bespoke | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 heart | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 heart | nmod:poss |
| 35 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 heaviness | nmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 resumed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | utter speech: other | past · perfect | Cordova | this words | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | infinitive | the Arabian chronicles | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent chronicle=Topic | |||||
| 3 | resume | past | Cordova | Cordova's wayfaring | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wayfaring=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | bend | past · passive | Cordova's eyes | the ground | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: subject=Theme upon ground=Location | ||||
| 5 | bespeak | past | frequent sighs | the heaviness of Cordova's heart | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/34/25/