Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XIII., sentence 45
“They are like Arabs in the fierceness and dexterity of their attacks, and in their knowledge of the stratagems of war; they resemble them, too, in feature, in fortitude, and hospitality; but they are the most perfidious people upon earth, and never regard promise or plighted faith.”
Who acts: Moors · What happens: be, resemble, not regard, plight, attack · To what, where: fierceness, stratagems, feature, perfidious people, promise
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Arabs | punct |
| 2 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 Arabs | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 Arabs | cop |
| 4 | like | like | ADP | _ | 5 Arabs | case |
| 5 | Arabs | arab | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 fierceness | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 fierceness | det |
| 8 | fierceness | fierceness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 Arabs | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 dexterity | cc |
| 10 | dexterity | dexterity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 fierceness | conj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 attacks | case |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 attacks | nmod:poss |
| 13 | attacks | attack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 dexterity | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 knowledge | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 knowledge | cc |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 knowledge | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 knowledge | nmod:poss |
| 18 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 Arabs | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 stratagems | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 stratagems | det |
| 21 | stratagems | stratagem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 knowledge | nmod |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 war | case |
| 23 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 stratagems | nmod |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 resemble | punct |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 resemble | nsubj |
| 26 | resemble | resemble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 knowledge | parataxis |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 resemble | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 too | punct |
| 29 | too | too | ADV | _ | 26 resemble | advmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 feature | punct |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 feature | case |
| 32 | feature | feature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 resemble | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 fortitude | punct |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 fortitude | case |
| 35 | fortitude | fortitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 resemble | parataxis |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 hospitality | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 hospitality | cc |
| 38 | hospitality | hospitality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 fortitude | conj |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 46 people | punct |
| 40 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 people | cc |
| 41 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 people | nsubj |
| 42 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 people | cop |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 people | det |
| 44 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 45 perfidious | advmod |
| 45 | perfidious | perfidious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 people | amod |
| 46 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 Arabs | conj |
| 47 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 48 earth | case |
| 48 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 people | nmod |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 regard | punct |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 regard | cc |
| 51 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 52 regard | advmod |
| 52 | regard | regard | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 46 people | parataxis |
| 53 | promise | promise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 regard | obj |
| 54 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 56 faith | cc |
| 55 | plighted | plight | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 56 faith | amod |
| 56 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 promise | conj |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 52 regard | punct |
| 58 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 52 regard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | Moors = moor | the fierceness and dexterity of Moors's attacks | like Arabs and Moors's knowledge of the stratagems of war but the perfidious people; Moors's knowledge of the stratagems of war conj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | resemble in a quote | present | Moors = moor | stratagems = stratagem | feature | fortitude and hospitality parataxis | tree rules | ||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | Moors = moor | the perfidious people | upon earth | tree rules | |||
| 4 | not regard in a quote | infinitive | promise or plighted faith | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme | |||||
| 5 | plight in a quote | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | attack in a quote | Moors = moor | nom attack «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/34/45/