Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XIV., sentence 33
All now took courage when they found he was out of favour, and they heaped slanders on his head; charging him with embezzling much of the share of the booty belonging to the sovereign.
Who acts: enemies, MUZA, booty · What happens: take, find, be, heap, charge, embezzle · To what, where: courage, favour, slanders, head, MUZA, much · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XIV.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enemies, MUZA, booty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 took | advmod |
| 2 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 took | advmod |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obj |
| 5 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 found | advmod |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 found | nsubj |
| 7 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | advcl |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 favour | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 favour | cop |
| 10 | out | out | ADP | _ | 12 favour | case |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 favour | case |
| 12 | favour | favour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 found | ccomp |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 heaped | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 heaped | cc |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 heaped | nsubj |
| 16 | heaped | heap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 17 | slanders | slander | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 heaped | obj |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 20 head | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 head | nmod:poss |
| 20 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 heaped | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 charging | punct |
| 22 | charging | charge | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 took | advcl |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 charging | obj |
| 24 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 25 embezzling | mark |
| 25 | embezzling | embezzle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 charging | advcl |
| 26 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 embezzling | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 share | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 share | det |
| 29 | share | share | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 much | nmod |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 booty | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 booty | det |
| 32 | booty | booty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 share | nmod |
| 33 | belonging | belong | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 booty | acl |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 sovereign | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 sovereign | det |
| 36 | sovereign | sovereign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 belonging | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | courage | now | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme | ||||
| 2 | find | past | enemies = enemy | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | past | MUZA | favour | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | heap | past | enemies = enemy | slanders | MUZA's head | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent slander=Theme on head=Destination | |||
| 5 | charge | gerund | MUZA | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location he=Theme | |||||
| 6 | embezzle | gerund | much of the share of the booty | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Theme | |||||
| 7 | belong | gerund | the booty not said here | to the sovereign | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | share | the booty | nom share «possession transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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