Legends of the conquest of Spain, Conduct of Abdalasis As Emir of Spain., sentence 35
“What manner of leader is this,” said they, “who forbids us to make spoil of the enemies of Islam, and to enjoy the land we have wrested from the unbelievers?”
Who acts: manner, this, land · What happens: be, say, forbid, make, enjoy, wrest · To what, where: this, us, spoil, land, we, unbelievers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Conduct of Abdalasis As Emir of Spain.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (manner, this, land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 2 | What | what | DET | PronType=Int | 3 manner | det |
| 3 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 this | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 leader | case |
| 5 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 manner | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 this | cop |
| 7 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 said | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 this | punct |
| 9 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 this | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 said | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 forbids | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 forbids | punct |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 forbids | nsubj |
| 15 | forbids | forbid | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 said | ccomp |
| 16 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 forbids | obj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 make | mark |
| 18 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 forbids | advcl |
| 19 | spoil | spoil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 make | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 enemies | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 enemies | det |
| 22 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 spoil | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 Islam | case |
| 24 | Islam | Islam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 enemies | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 enjoy | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 enjoy | cc |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 enjoy | mark |
| 28 | enjoy | enjoy | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 15 forbids | parataxis |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 land | det |
| 30 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 enjoy | obj |
| 31 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 wrested | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 wrested | aux |
| 33 | wrested | wrest | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 land | acl:relcl |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 36 unbelievers | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 unbelievers | det |
| 36 | unbelievers | unbeliever | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 wrested | obl |
| 37 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 28 enjoy | punct |
| 38 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 enjoy | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | what manner of leader | this | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | this | officers = officer nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | forbid in a quote | present | us | who nsubj | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer we=Theme | ||||
| 4 | make in a quote | to-infinitive | spoil of the enemies of Islam | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset spoil=Product | |||||
| 5 | enjoy in a quote | to-infinitive | the land | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer land=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | wrest in a quote | present · perfect · passive | the land not said here | we | the unbelievers | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from unbeliever=Source | |||
| 7 | spoil in a quote | the enemies of Islam | nom spoil «possession transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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