Legends of the conquest of Spain, Conduct of Abdalasis As Emir of Spain., sentence 37
“Behold,” said they, “with what kindness he treats the enemies of your faith: all the Christians who have borne arms against you, and withstood your entrance into the land, are favoured and protected; but it is enough for a Christian to have befriended the cause of the Moslems to be singled out by Abdalasis for persecution, and to be driven with scorn from his presence.”
Who acts: partisans, kindness, entrance, Abdalasis · What happens: say, treat, bear, withstand, favour, protect · To what, where: enemies, Christians, entrance, land, cause, presence · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Conduct of Abdalasis As Emir of Spain.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (partisans, kindness, entrance, Abdalasis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 2 | Behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 5 said | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Behold | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Behold | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 said | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 what | punct |
| 8 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 what | punct |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 what | case |
| 10 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 5 said | ccomp |
| 11 | kindness | kindness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 treats | nsubj |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 treats | nsubj |
| 13 | treats | treat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 what | acl:relcl |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 enemies | det |
| 15 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 treats | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 faith | case |
| 17 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 faith | nmod:poss |
| 18 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 enemies | nmod |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 25 borne | punct |
| 20 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 22 Christians | det:predet |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Christians | det |
| 22 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 25 borne | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 borne | nsubj |
| 24 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 borne | aux |
| 25 | borne | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 said | conj |
| 26 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 borne | obj |
| 27 | against | against | ADP | _ | 28 you | case |
| 28 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 25 borne | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 withstood | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 withstood | cc |
| 31 | withstood | withstand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 said | conj |
| 32 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 entrance | nmod:poss |
| 33 | entrance | entrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 withstood | obj |
| 34 | into | into | ADP | _ | 36 land | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 land | det |
| 36 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 withstood | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 favoured | punct |
| 38 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 favoured | aux:pass |
| 39 | favoured | favour | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 withstood | parataxis |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 protected | cc |
| 41 | protected | protect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 favoured | conj |
| 42 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 46 enough | punct |
| 43 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 enough | cc |
| 44 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 enough | nsubj |
| 45 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 enough | cop |
| 46 | enough | enough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 said | parataxis |
| 47 | for | for | ADP | _ | 49 Christian | case |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 49 Christian | det |
| 49 | Christian | Christian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 enough | obl |
| 50 | to | to | PART | _ | 52 befriended | mark |
| 51 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 52 befriended | aux |
| 52 | befriended | befriend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 46 enough | advcl |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 cause | det |
| 54 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 befriended | obj |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 57 Moslems | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 Moslems | det |
| 57 | Moslems | Moslem | PROPN | Number=Plur | 54 cause | nmod |
| 58 | to | to | PART | _ | 60 singled | mark |
| 59 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 60 singled | aux:pass |
| 60 | singled | single | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 52 befriended | advcl |
| 61 | out | out | ADP | _ | 60 singled | compound:prt |
| 62 | by | by | ADP | _ | 63 Abdalasis | case |
| 63 | Abdalasis | Abdalasis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 60 singled | obl |
| 64 | for | for | ADP | _ | 65 persecution | case |
| 65 | persecution | persecution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 singled | obl |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 driven | punct |
| 67 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 70 driven | cc |
| 68 | to | to | PART | _ | 70 driven | mark |
| 69 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 70 driven | aux:pass |
| 70 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 said | ccomp |
| 71 | with | with | ADP | _ | 72 scorn | case |
| 72 | scorn | scorn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 driven | obl |
| 73 | from | from | ADP | _ | 75 presence | case |
| 74 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 75 presence | nmod:poss |
| 75 | presence | presence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 driven | obl |
| 76 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 77 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | partisans = partisan | what ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | treat in a quote | present | kindness | the enemies of your faith | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent enemy=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | bear in a quote | present · perfect · passive | all Christians | against you; who nsubj; arms obj | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary arm=Patient | ||||
| 4 | withstand in a quote | past | partisans = partisan not said here | your entrance | the land | tree rules | |||
| 5 | favour in a quote | present · passive | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | protect in a quote | participle | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | is in a quote | present | entrance | for a Christian; enough property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | befriend in a quote | to-infinitive · perfect | entrance not said here | the cause of the Moslems | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | single out in a quote | to-infinitive · passive | Abdalasis | for persecution | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | drive in a quote | to-infinitive · passive | kindness's presence | with scorn | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: from presence=Trajectory | ||||
| 11 | cause in a quote | the Moslems | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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