Legends of the conquest of Spain, Fate of Abdalasis and Exilona.—death of Muza., sentence 49
Their names were held sacred as martyrs to the Christian faith: but many read in their untimely fate a lesson against ambition and vainglory; having sacrificed real power and substantial rule to the glittering bauble of a crown.
Who acts: many, bodies, names · What happens: hold, read, have, sacrifice, glitter, name · To what, where: names, lesson, untimely fate, sacrificed real power
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Fate of Abdalasis and Exilona.—death of Muza.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many, bodies, names), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 names | nmod:poss |
| 2 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 held | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 held | aux:pass |
| 4 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | sacred | sacred | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 held | xcomp |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 martyrs | case |
| 7 | martyrs | martyr | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 held | obl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 faith | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 faith | det |
| 10 | Christian | Christian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 faith | amod |
| 11 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 martyrs | nmod |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 read | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 read | cc |
| 14 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 read | nsubj |
| 15 | read | read | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 held | conj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 fate | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 fate | nmod:poss |
| 18 | untimely | untimely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 fate | amod |
| 19 | fate | fate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 read | obl |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 lesson | det |
| 21 | lesson | lesson | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 read | obj |
| 22 | against | against | ADP | _ | 23 ambition | case |
| 23 | ambition | ambition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 lesson | nmod |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 vainglory | cc |
| 25 | vainglory | vainglory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 ambition | conj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 having | punct |
| 27 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 held | advcl |
| 28 | sacrificed | sacrifice | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 power | amod |
| 29 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 power | amod |
| 30 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 having | obj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 rule | cc |
| 32 | substantial | substantial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 rule | amod |
| 33 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 power | conj |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 bauble | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 bauble | det |
| 36 | glittering | glitter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 37 bauble | amod |
| 37 | bauble | bauble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 having | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 crown | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 crown | det |
| 40 | crown | crown | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 bauble | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 held | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | past · passive | bodies's names | as martyrs to the Christian faith; sacred property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | read | present | many | a lesson | names's untimely fate | against ambition and vainglory | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Topic | ||
| 3 | have | gerund | sacrificed real power and substantial rule | to the glittering bauble of a crown | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient | ||||
| 4 | sacrifice | participle | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | glitter | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | name | bodies = body | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 7 | fate | names = name | nom fate «event transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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