Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 151
The surges of the sea were heard far below beating upon the rocks, the sea-gull screamed and wheeled about the foundations of the tower, and the sails of lofty caraccas were as mere specks on the bosom of the deep.
Who acts: sails, sea · What happens: hear, beat, scream, wheel, be, surge · To what, where: surges, rocks, sea gull, bosom
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sails, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 surges | det |
| 2 | surges | surge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 sea | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sea | det |
| 5 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 surges | nmod |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | aux:pass |
| 7 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 heard | advmod |
| 9 | below | below | ADP | _ | 10 beating | mark |
| 10 | beating | beat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 heard | advcl |
| 11 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 13 rocks | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 rocks | det |
| 13 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 beating | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 gull | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 gull | det |
| 16 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 gull | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 sea | punct |
| 18 | gull | gull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rocks | nmod |
| 19 | screamed | scream | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 gull | acl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 wheeled | cc |
| 21 | wheeled | wheel | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 screamed | conj |
| 22 | about | about | ADP | _ | 24 foundations | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 foundations | det |
| 24 | foundations | foundation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 wheeled | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 tower | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 tower | det |
| 27 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 foundations | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 specks | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 specks | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 sails | det |
| 31 | sails | sail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 specks | nsubj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 caraccas | case |
| 33 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 caraccas | amod |
| 34 | caraccas | caracca | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 sails | nmod |
| 35 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 specks | cop |
| 36 | as | as | ADP | _ | 38 specks | case |
| 37 | mere | mere | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 specks | amod |
| 38 | specks | speck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 heard | conj |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 41 bosom | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 bosom | det |
| 41 | bosom | bosom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 specks | nmod |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 deep | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 deep | det |
| 44 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 bosom | nmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past · passive | the surges of the sea | far property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | beat | gerund | the rocks the sea gull | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon rock=Location | |||||
| 3 | scream speech: express | participle | the sea gull not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | wheel | participle | about the foundations of the tower | vn drive-11.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | past | the sails of lofty caraccas | the bosom of the deep | as mere specks | tree rules | |||
| 6 | surge | the sea | nom surge «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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