Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 160
The emir ascended the tower and looked over the battlements, and beheld the body of the child, a shapeless mass, on the rocks far below, and the sea-gulls hovering about it; and he gave orders that it should be thrown into the sea, which was done.
Who acts: emir, sea gulls, boy · What happens: ascend, look, behold, hover, give, throw · To what, where: tower, body, rocks, orders, sea
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (emir, sea gulls, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 emir | det |
| 2 | emir | emir | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ascended | nsubj |
| 3 | ascended | ascend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 tower | det |
| 5 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ascended | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 looked | cc |
| 7 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ascended | conj |
| 8 | over | over | ADP | _ | 10 battlements | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 battlements | det |
| 10 | battlements | battlement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 looked | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 beheld | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 beheld | cc |
| 13 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ascended | conj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 body | det |
| 15 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 beheld | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 child | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 child | det |
| 18 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 body | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 mass | punct |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 mass | det |
| 21 | shapeless | shapeless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 mass | amod |
| 22 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 body | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 rocks | punct |
| 24 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 rocks | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 rocks | det |
| 26 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 beheld | obl |
| 27 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 28 below | advmod |
| 28 | below | below | ADV | _ | 26 rocks | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 gulls | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 gulls | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 gulls | det |
| 32 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 gulls | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 sea | punct |
| 34 | gulls | gull | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 rocks | conj |
| 35 | hovering | hover | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 gulls | acl |
| 36 | about | about | ADP | _ | 37 it | case |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 hovering | obl |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 gave | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 gave | cc |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 gave | nsubj |
| 41 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ascended | parataxis |
| 42 | orders | order | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 gave | obj |
| 43 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 47 thrown | mark |
| 44 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 thrown | nsubj:pass |
| 45 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 47 thrown | aux |
| 46 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 47 thrown | aux:pass |
| 47 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 gave | advcl |
| 48 | into | into | ADP | _ | 50 sea | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 sea | det |
| 50 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 thrown | obl |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 done | punct |
| 52 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 54 done | nsubj |
| 53 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 done | aux:pass |
| 54 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 sea | acl:relcl |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ascended | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascend | past | the emir | the tower | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tower=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | look | past | the emir not said here | over the battlements | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent over battlement=Theme | ||||
| 3 | behold | past | the emir not said here | the body of the child and a shapeless mass | the rocks and the sea gulls | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer body=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | hover | gerund | the sea gulls not said here | about gull | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about it=Location | ||||
| 5 | give | past | boy | orders | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Theme | ||||
| 6 | throw | should · passive | tower | into the sea result | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Theme into sea=Result | ||||
| 7 | do | past · passive | the sea | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/39/160/