Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 169
Having thus accomplished his barbarous errand, the emir embarked for Spain, and ordered the citadel of Ceuta to be set on fire, and crossed the straights at night by the light of its towering flames.
Who acts: Having, light · What happens: have, accomplish, embark, order, set, cross · To what, where: barbarous errand, emir, citadel, fire, straights, towering flames
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Having, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 accomplished | csubj |
| 2 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 1 Having | advmod |
| 3 | accomplished | accomplish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 errand | nmod:poss |
| 5 | barbarous | barbarous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 errand | amod |
| 6 | errand | errand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 accomplished | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 emir | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 emir | det |
| 9 | emir | emir | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 errand | appos |
| 10 | embarked | embark | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 emir | acl |
| 11 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 Spain | case |
| 12 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 embarked | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 ordered | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 ordered | cc |
| 15 | ordered | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 accomplished | parataxis |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 citadel | det |
| 17 | citadel | citadel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 ordered | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Ceuta | case |
| 19 | Ceuta | Ceuta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 citadel | nmod |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 set | mark |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 22 set | aux:pass |
| 22 | set | set | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 citadel | acl |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 fire | case |
| 24 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 set | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 crossed | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 crossed | cc |
| 27 | crossed | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 accomplished | conj |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 straights | det |
| 29 | straights | straight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 crossed | obj |
| 30 | at | at | ADP | _ | 31 night | case |
| 31 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 crossed | obl |
| 32 | by | by | ADP | _ | 34 light | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 light | det |
| 34 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 crossed | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 flames | case |
| 36 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 flames | nmod:poss |
| 37 | towering | towering | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 flames | amod |
| 38 | flames | flame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 light | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 accomplished | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | thus property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | accomplish | past | Having | God's barbarous errand | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent errand=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | embark | participle | the emir not said here | for Spain | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | order | past | the citadel of Ceuta | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent citadel=Theme | |||||
| 5 | set | to-infinitive · passive | the citadel of Ceuta not said here | fire | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: on fire=Destination | ||||
| 6 | cross | past | Having not said here | the straights | night | by the light of light's towering flames | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent straight=Patient | ||
| 7 | light | light's towering flames | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 8 | flame | light | nom flame «process intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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