Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 44
“He has been a traitor to his own countrymen,” said he: “how can we be sure that he will not prove traitor to us?”
Who acts: Suleiman, we · What happens: be, say, not prove · To what, where: traitor, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Suleiman, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 said | punct |
| 2 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 traitor | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 traitor | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 traitor | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 traitor | det |
| 6 | traitor | traitor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 said | ccomp |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 countrymen | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 countrymen | nmod:poss |
| 9 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 countrymen | amod |
| 10 | countrymen | countrymen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 traitor | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 traitor | punct |
| 12 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 traitor | punct |
| 13 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 said | nsubj |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 sure | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 sure | punct |
| 17 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 sure | advmod |
| 18 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 sure | aux |
| 19 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 sure | nsubj |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 sure | cop |
| 21 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 said | ccomp |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 prove | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 prove | nsubj |
| 24 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 prove | aux |
| 25 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 prove | advmod |
| 26 | prove | prove | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 sure | ccomp |
| 27 | traitor | traitor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 prove | obj |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 us | case |
| 29 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 prove | obl |
| 30 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 21 sure | punct |
| 31 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present · perfect | Suleiman | a traitor | to Suleiman's own countrymen | tree rules | |||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | Suleiman | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | can | we | sure property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not prove in a quote | future | Suleiman | traitor | us | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent traitor=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/39/44/