Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 6
He who has travelled in Spain in the true way in which the country ought to be travelled; sojourning in its remote provinces; rambling among the rugged defiles and secluded valleys of its mountains; and making himself familiar with the people in their out-of-the-way hamlets, and rarely visited neighbourhoods, will remember many a group of travellers and muleteers, gathered of an evening around the door or the spacious hearth of a mountain venta, wrapped in their brown cloaks, and listening with grave and profound attention to the long historic ballad of some rustic troubadour, either recited with the true _ore rotundo_ and modulated cadences of Spanish elocution, or chanted to the tinkling of a guitar.
Who acts: Spain · What happens: travell, sojourn, ramble, make, visit, remember · To what, where: visited neighbourhoods, Spain, country, true way, remote provinces, rugged defiles
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 travelled | nsubj |
| 2 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 travelled | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 travelled | aux |
| 4 | travelled | travell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Spain | case |
| 6 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 travelled | obl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 way | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 way | det |
| 9 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 way | amod |
| 10 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 travelled | obl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 which | case |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 travelled | obl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 country | det |
| 14 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 travelled | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | ought | ought | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 travelled | aux |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 travelled | mark |
| 17 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 18 travelled | aux:pass |
| 18 | travelled | travell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 way | acl:relcl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 sojourning | punct |
| 20 | sojourning | sojourn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 travelled | advcl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 provinces | case |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 provinces | nmod:poss |
| 23 | remote | remote | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 provinces | amod |
| 24 | provinces | province | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 sojourning | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 rambling | punct |
| 26 | rambling | ramble | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 sojourning | conj |
| 27 | among | among | ADP | _ | 30 defiles | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 defiles | det |
| 29 | rugged | rugged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 defiles | amod |
| 30 | defiles | defile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 rambling | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 valleys | cc |
| 32 | secluded | secluded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 valleys | amod |
| 33 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 defiles | conj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 mountains | case |
| 35 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 mountains | nmod:poss |
| 36 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 valleys | nmod |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 making | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 making | cc |
| 39 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 travelled | advcl |
| 40 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 39 making | obj |
| 41 | familiar | familiar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 making | xcomp |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 44 people | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 people | det |
| 44 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 making | obl |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 out | case |
| 46 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 out | nmod:poss |
| 47 | out | out | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 people | nmod |
| 48 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 54 hamlets | punct |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 53 way | case |
| 50 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 49 of | punct |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 way | det |
| 52 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 51 the | punct |
| 53 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 hamlets | compound |
| 54 | hamlets | hamlet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 making | obl |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 neighbourhoods | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 neighbourhoods | cc |
| 57 | rarely | rarely | ADV | _ | 58 visited | advmod |
| 58 | visited | visit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 59 neighbourhoods | amod |
| 59 | neighbourhoods | neighbourhood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 travelled | obl |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 remember | punct |
| 61 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 62 remember | aux |
| 62 | remember | remember | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 travelled | parataxis |
| 63 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 65 group | amod |
| 64 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 65 group | det |
| 65 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 remember | obj |
| 66 | of | of | ADP | _ | 67 travellers | case |
| 67 | travellers | traveller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 group | nmod |
| 68 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 69 muleteers | cc |
| 69 | muleteers | muleteer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 group | conj |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 gathered | punct |
| 71 | gathered | gather | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 65 group | conj |
| 72 | of | of | ADP | _ | 74 evening | case |
| 73 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 74 evening | det |
| 74 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 gathered | obl |
| 75 | around | around | ADP | _ | 77 door | case |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 door | det |
| 77 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 evening | nmod |
| 78 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 81 hearth | cc |
| 79 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 81 hearth | det |
| 80 | spacious | spacious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 81 hearth | amod |
| 81 | hearth | hearth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 evening | conj |
| 82 | of | of | ADP | _ | 85 venta | case |
| 83 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 85 venta | det |
| 84 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 85 venta | compound |
| 85 | venta | venta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 hearth | nmod |
| 86 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 87 wrapped | punct |
| 87 | wrapped | wrap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 65 group | parataxis |
| 88 | in | in | ADP | _ | 91 cloaks | case |
| 89 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 91 cloaks | nmod:poss |
| 90 | brown | brown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 91 cloaks | amod |
| 91 | cloaks | cloak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 87 wrapped | obl |
| 92 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 94 listening | punct |
| 93 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 94 listening | cc |
| 94 | listening | listen | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 62 remember | advcl |
| 95 | with | with | ADP | _ | 99 attention | case |
| 96 | grave | grave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 99 attention | amod |
| 97 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 98 profound | cc |
| 98 | profound | profound | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 96 grave | conj |
| 99 | attention | attention | NOUN | Number=Sing | 94 listening | obl |
| 100 | to | to | ADP | _ | 104 ballad | case |
| 101 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 104 ballad | det |
| 102 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 104 ballad | amod |
| 103 | historic | historic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 104 ballad | amod |
| 104 | ballad | ballad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 94 listening | obl |
| 105 | of | of | ADP | _ | 108 troubadour | case |
| 106 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 108 troubadour | det |
| 107 | rustic | rustic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 108 troubadour | amod |
| 108 | troubadour | troubadour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 104 ballad | nmod |
| 109 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 111 recited | punct |
| 110 | either | either | CCONJ | _ | 111 recited | cc:preconj |
| 111 | recited | recite | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 travelled | conj |
| 112 | with | with | ADP | _ | 117 rotundo | case |
| 113 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 117 rotundo | det |
| 114 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 117 rotundo | amod |
| 115 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 114 true | punct |
| 116 | ore | ore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 117 rotundo | compound |
| 117 | rotundo | rotundo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 111 recited | obl |
| 118 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 111 recited | punct |
| 119 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 120 modulated | cc |
| 120 | modulated | modulate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 travelled | conj |
| 121 | cadences | cadence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 120 modulated | obj |
| 122 | of | of | ADP | _ | 124 elocution | case |
| 123 | Spanish | Spanish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 124 elocution | amod |
| 124 | elocution | elocution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 121 cadences | nmod |
| 125 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 127 chanted | punct |
| 126 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 127 chanted | cc |
| 127 | chanted | chant | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 travelled | conj |
| 128 | to | to | ADP | _ | 130 tinkling | case |
| 129 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 130 tinkling | det |
| 130 | tinkling | tinkling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 127 chanted | obl |
| 131 | of | of | ADP | _ | 133 guitar | case |
| 132 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 133 guitar | det |
| 133 | guitar | guitar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 130 tinkling | nmod |
| 134 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 travelled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | travell | present · perfect | Spain | visited neighbourhoods | Spain | in the true way; who nsubj | tree rules | ||
| 2 | travell | ought · passive | Spain not said here | the country | the true way | tree rules | |||
| 3 | sojourn | gerund | Spain not said here | country's remote provinces | vn weekend-56 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in province=Location | ||||
| 4 | ramble | gerund | Spain not said here | the rugged defiles and secluded valleys of country's mountains | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among defile=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | make | gerund | Spain not said here | Spain | with the people in people's out; way hamlets obl; familiar property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset himself=Product | |||
| 6 | visit | participle | rarely property | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | remember | future | a many group of travellers and muleteers | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent group=Theme | |||||
| 8 | gather | participle | evening | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | wrap | participle | muleteers's brown cloaks | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in cloak=Destination | |||||
| 10 | listen | gerund | with grave attention; to the long historic ballad of some rustic troubadour | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to ballad=Theme | |||||
| 11 | recite | participle | Spain not said here | with the true ore rotundo | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 12 | modulate | participle | Spain not said here | cadences of Spanish elocution | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cadence=Patient | ||||
| 13 | chant | participle | Spain not said here | the tinkling of a guitar | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to tinkling=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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