Legends of the conquest of Spain, Legend of Count Julian and His Family., sentence 71
These latter the sagacious reader will admit or reject, according to the measure of his faith and judgment; always remembering, that in dark and eventful times, like those in question, involving the destinies of nations, the downfall of kingdoms, and the crimes of rulers and mighty men, the hand of fate is sometimes strangely visible, and confounds the wisdom of the worldly wise, by intimations and portents above the ordinary course of things.
Who acts: These, sagacious reader, crimes · What happens: latter, admit, reject, accord, remember, involve · To what, where: measure, those, question, destinies, wisdom, faith
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Legend of Count Julian and His Family.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, sagacious reader, crimes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 latter | nsubj |
| 2 | latter | latter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 reader | det |
| 4 | sagacious | sagacious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 reader | amod |
| 5 | reader | reader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 admit | nsubj |
| 6 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 admit | aux |
| 7 | admit | admit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 latter | ccomp |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 reject | cc |
| 9 | reject | reject | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 admit | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 according | punct |
| 11 | according | accord | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 admit | advcl |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 measure | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 measure | det |
| 14 | measure | measure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 according | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 faith | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 faith | nmod:poss |
| 17 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 measure | nmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 judgment | cc |
| 19 | judgment | judgment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 faith | conj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 remembering | punct |
| 21 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 22 remembering | advmod |
| 22 | remembering | remember | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 latter | advcl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 those | punct |
| 24 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 those | mark |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 times | case |
| 26 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 times | amod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 eventful | cc |
| 28 | eventful | eventful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 dark | conj |
| 29 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 those | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 those | punct |
| 31 | like | like | ADP | _ | 32 those | case |
| 32 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 22 remembering | obj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 question | case |
| 34 | question | question | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 those | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 involving | punct |
| 36 | involving | involve | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 those | advcl |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 destinies | det |
| 38 | destinies | destiny | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 involving | obj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 nations | case |
| 40 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 destinies | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 downfall | punct |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 downfall | det |
| 43 | downfall | downfall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 destinies | conj |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 kingdoms | case |
| 45 | kingdoms | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 downfall | nmod |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 visible | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 63 visible | cc |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 crimes | det |
| 49 | crimes | crime | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 visible | nsubj |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 rulers | case |
| 51 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 crimes | nmod |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 men | cc |
| 53 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 men | amod |
| 54 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 rulers | conj |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 hand | punct |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 hand | det |
| 57 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 visible | nsubj |
| 58 | of | of | ADP | _ | 59 fate | case |
| 59 | fate | fate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 hand | nmod |
| 60 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 63 visible | cop |
| 61 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 63 visible | advmod |
| 62 | strangely | strangely | ADV | _ | 63 visible | advmod |
| 63 | visible | visible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 those | parataxis |
| 64 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 confounds | punct |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 confounds | cc |
| 66 | confounds | confound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 63 visible | parataxis |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 wisdom | det |
| 68 | wisdom | wisdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 confounds | obj |
| 69 | of | of | ADP | _ | 72 wise | case |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 wise | det |
| 71 | worldly | worldly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 72 wise | amod |
| 72 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 68 wisdom | nmod |
| 73 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 75 intimations | punct |
| 74 | by | by | ADP | _ | 75 intimations | case |
| 75 | intimations | intimation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 66 confounds | conj |
| 76 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 77 portents | cc |
| 77 | portents | portent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 75 intimations | conj |
| 78 | above | above | ADP | _ | 81 course | case |
| 79 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 81 course | det |
| 80 | ordinary | ordinary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 81 course | amod |
| 81 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 intimations | nmod |
| 82 | of | of | ADP | _ | 83 things | case |
| 83 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 81 course | nmod |
| 84 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 latter | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | latter | present | These | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | admit speech: other | future | the sagacious reader | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | reject | infinitive | the sagacious reader not said here | vn reject-77.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | accord | gerund | the sagacious reader not said here | to the measure of reader's faith and judgment goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to measure=Goal | ||||
| 5 | remember | gerund | These not said here | those in dark times | question | always property | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent that=Theme | ||
| 6 | involve | gerund | These not said here | the destinies of nations and the downfall of kingdoms | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent destiny=Theme | ||||
| 7 | is | present | the crimes of rulers and mighty men | the hand of fate nsubj; sometimes, strangely, visible property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | confound | present | the wisdom of the worldly wise | intimations above the ordinary course of things and portents conj | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus wisdom=Experiencer | ||||
| 9 | measure | reader's faith and judgment | nom measure «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 10 | incriminate | rulers and mighty men | nom crime «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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