Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Loves of Roderick and the Princess Elyata., sentence 15
Several of the Moors surrounded her with drawn swords, threatening death to any that approached; others sprang from the bark, and, throwing themselves on their knees before the Alcayde, implored him, by his honour and courtesy as a knight, to protect a royal virgin from injury and insult.
Who acts: Moors, others, throwing, Alcayde · What happens: surround, draw, threaten, approach, spring, throw · To what, where: beauty, death, bark, others, knees, Alcayde
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Loves of Roderick and the Princess Elyata.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moors, others, throwing, Alcayde), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Moors | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Moors | det |
| 4 | Moors | moor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Several | obl |
| 5 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 Moors | acl |
| 6 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 surrounded | obj |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 swords | case |
| 8 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 swords | amod |
| 9 | swords | sword | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 surrounded | obl:agent |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 threatening | punct |
| 11 | threatening | threaten | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Several | conj |
| 12 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 threatening | obj |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 any | case |
| 14 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 threatening | obl |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 approached | nsubj |
| 16 | approached | approach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 any | acl:relcl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 sprang | punct |
| 18 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 sprang | nsubj |
| 19 | sprang | spring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Several | parataxis |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 bark | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 bark | det |
| 22 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sprang | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 implored | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 implored | cc |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 throwing | punct |
| 26 | throwing | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 implored | csubj |
| 27 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 26 throwing | obj |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 knees | case |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 knees | nmod:poss |
| 30 | knees | knee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 throwing | obl |
| 31 | before | before | ADP | _ | 33 Alcayde | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Alcayde | det |
| 33 | Alcayde | Alcayde | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 knees | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 implored | punct |
| 35 | implored | implore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 sprang | conj |
| 36 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 implored | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 honour | punct |
| 38 | by | by | ADP | _ | 40 honour | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 honour | nmod:poss |
| 40 | honour | honour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 implored | obl |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 courtesy | cc |
| 42 | courtesy | courtesy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 honour | conj |
| 43 | as | as | ADP | _ | 45 knight | case |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 knight | det |
| 45 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 honour | nmod |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 protect | punct |
| 47 | to | to | PART | _ | 48 protect | mark |
| 48 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 implored | advcl |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 virgin | det |
| 50 | royal | royal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 virgin | amod |
| 51 | virgin | virgin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 protect | obj |
| 52 | from | from | ADP | _ | 53 injury | case |
| 53 | injury | injury | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 protect | obl |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 insult | cc |
| 55 | insult | insult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 injury | conj |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Several | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | surround | participle | the Moors not said here | beauty | drawn swords obl:agent | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme she=Co-Theme | |||
| 2 | draw | participle | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | threaten | gerund | death | to any | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus death=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | approach | past | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | spring | past | others | the bark | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from bark=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | throw | gerund | others = other | others's knees before the Alcayde | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme on knee=Destination | ||||
| 7 | implore | past | throwing | Alcayde | by Alcayde's honour as a knight and courtesy | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | |||
| 8 | protect | to-infinitive | throwing not said here | a royal virgin | from injury and insult | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent virgin=Beneficiary from injury=Theme | |||
| 10 | honour | Alcayde | as a knight | nom honour «state transitive»: poss=agent as=obl |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/4/15/