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Legends of the conquest of Spain, Of the Loves of Roderick and the Princess Elyata., sentence 15

Several of the Moors surrounded her with drawn swords, threatening death to any that approached; others sprang from the bark, and, throwing themselves on their knees before the Alcayde, implored him, by his honour and courtesy as a knight, to protect a royal virgin from injury and insult.

Who acts: Moors, others, throwing, Alcayde · What happens: surround, draw, threaten, approach, spring, throw · To what, where: beauty, death, bark, others, knees, Alcayde

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Of the Loves of Roderick and the Princess Elyata.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moors, others, throwing, Alcayde), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

casedetoblaclobjcaseamodobl:agentpunctconjobjcaseoblnsubjacl:relclpunctnsubjparataxiscasedetoblpunctccpunctcsubjobjcasenmod:possoblcasedetnmodpunctconjobjpunctcasenmod:possoblccconjcasedetnmodpunctmarkadvcldetamodobjcaseoblccconjpunctrootSeveralADJofADPtheDETMoorsNOUNsurroundedVERBherPRONwithADPdrawnVERBswordsNOUN,PUNCTthreateningVERBdeathNOUNtoADPanyDETthatPRONapproachedVERB;PUNCTothersNOUNsprangVERBfromADPtheDETbarkNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJ,PUNCTthrowingVERBthemselvesPRONonADPtheirPRONkneesNOUNbeforeADPtheDETAlcaydePROPN,PUNCTimploredVERBhimPRON,PUNCTbyADPhisPRONhonourNOUNandCCONJcourtesyNOUNasADPaDETknightNOUN,PUNCTtoPARTprotectVERBaDETroyalADJvirginNOUNfromADPinjuryNOUNandCCONJinsultNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1SeveralseveralADJDegree=Posrootroot
2ofofADP_4 Moorscase
3thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art4 Moorsdet
4MoorsmoorNOUNNumber=Plur1 Severalobl
5surroundedsurroundVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass4 Moorsacl
6hershePRONCase=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs5 surroundedobj
7withwithADP_9 swordscase
8drawndrawVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass9 swordsamod
9swordsswordNOUNNumber=Plur5 surroundedobl:agent
10,,PUNCT_11 threateningpunct
11threateningthreatenVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part1 Severalconj
12deathdeathNOUNNumber=Sing11 threateningobj
13totoADP_14 anycase
14anyanyDETPronType=Ind11 threateningobl
15thatthatPRONPronType=Rel16 approachednsubj
16approachedapproachVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin14 anyacl:relcl
17;;PUNCT_19 sprangpunct
18othersotherNOUNNumber=Plur19 sprangnsubj
19sprangspringVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin1 Severalparataxis
20fromfromADP_22 barkcase
21thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art22 barkdet
22barkbarkNOUNNumber=Sing19 sprangobl
23,,PUNCT_35 imploredpunct
24andandCCONJ_35 imploredcc
25,,PUNCT_26 throwingpunct
26throwingthrowVERBVerbForm=Ger35 imploredcsubj
27themselvesthemselvesPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes26 throwingobj
28ononADP_30 kneescase
29theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs30 kneesnmod:poss
30kneeskneeNOUNNumber=Plur26 throwingobl
31beforebeforeADP_33 Alcaydecase
32thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art33 Alcaydedet
33AlcaydeAlcaydePROPNNumber=Sing30 kneesnmod
34,,PUNCT_35 imploredpunct
35imploredimploreVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin19 sprangconj
36himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs35 imploredobj
37,,PUNCT_40 honourpunct
38bybyADP_40 honourcase
39hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs40 honournmod:poss
40honourhonourNOUNNumber=Sing35 imploredobl
41andandCCONJ_42 courtesycc
42courtesycourtesyNOUNNumber=Sing40 honourconj
43asasADP_45 knightcase
44aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art45 knightdet
45knightknightNOUNNumber=Sing40 honournmod
46,,PUNCT_48 protectpunct
47totoPART_48 protectmark
48protectprotectVERBVerbForm=Inf35 imploredadvcl
49aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art51 virgindet
50royalroyalADJDegree=Pos51 virginamod
51virginvirginNOUNNumber=Sing48 protectobj
52fromfromADP_53 injurycase
53injuryinjuryNOUNNumber=Sing48 protectobl
54andandCCONJ_55 insultcc
55insultinsultNOUNNumber=Sing53 injuryconj
56..PUNCT_1 Severalpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1surroundparticiplethe Moors not said herebeautydrawn swords obl:agentvn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme she=Co-Theme
2drawparticiplevn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3threatengerunddeathto anyvn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus death=Experiencer
4approachpastvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5springpastothersthe barkvn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from bark=Trajectory
6throwgerundothers = otherothers's knees before the Alcaydevn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme on knee=Destination
7implorepastthrowingAlcaydeby Alcayde's honour as a knight and courtesyvn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient
8protectto-infinitivethrowing not said herea royal virginfrom injury and insultvn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent virgin=Beneficiary from injury=Theme
10honourAlcaydeas a knightnom honour «state transitive»: poss=agent as=obl

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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