Legends of the conquest of Spain, Note to the Preceding Legend., sentence 1
El licenciado Ardevines (Lib. ii. c. 8.) dize que dichos Duendos caseros, o los del aire, hazen aparacer exercitos y peleas, como lo que se cuenta por tradición (y aun algunos personas lo deponen como testigos de vista) de la torre y castello de Marcuello, lugar al pie de las montañas de Aragon (aora inhabitable, por las grandes y espantables ruidos que en el se oyen) donde se retraxo el Conde Don Julian, causa de la perdicion de España; sobre el qual castillo, deze se ven en el aire ciertas visiones, como de soldados, que el vulgo dize son los cavalleros y gente que le favorecian.
Who acts: El licenciado, peleas, personas, hazen aparacer exercitos, espantables, el qual castillo · What happens: dize, be, lo, castello, cavallero · To what, where: que dichos, cuenta por tradición, deponen como testigos, oyen, ven aire ciertas
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Note to the Preceding Legend.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (El licenciado, peleas, personas, hazen aparacer exercitos), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | El | El | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 licenciado | compound |
| 2 | licenciado | licenciado | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 dize | nsubj |
| 3 | Ardevines | Ardevines | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 licenciado | appos |
| 4 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 Lib | punct |
| 5 | Lib | Lib | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Ardevines | flat |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 licenciado | punct |
| 7 | ii | II | NUM | NumForm=Roman NumType=Card | 2 licenciado | flat |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 licenciado | punct |
| 9 | c. | c. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 licenciado | appos |
| 10 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 c. | flat |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 licenciado | punct |
| 12 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 licenciado | punct |
| 13 | dize | dize | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 14 | que | que | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dichos | compound |
| 15 | dichos | dicho | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 dize | obj |
| 16 | Duendos | Duendos | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 caseros | compound |
| 17 | caseros | casero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 dichos | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 aire | punct |
| 19 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 22 aire | case |
| 20 | los | los | X | _ | 22 aire | compound |
| 21 | del | del | X | Foreign=Yes | 20 los | flat:foreign |
| 22 | aire | aire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 dize | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 exercitos | punct |
| 24 | hazen | hazen | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 exercitos | amod |
| 25 | aparacer | aparacer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 exercitos | compound |
| 26 | exercitos | exercito | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 castello | nsubj |
| 27 | y | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 33 se | advmod |
| 28 | peleas | pelea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 se | nsubj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 que | punct |
| 30 | como | como | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 que | compound |
| 31 | lo | lo | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 que | amod |
| 32 | que | que | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 peleas | appos |
| 33 | se | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 53 castello | advcl |
| 34 | cuenta | cuenta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 tradición | compound |
| 35 | por | por | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 tradición | compound |
| 36 | tradición | tradición | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 se | obj |
| 37 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 40 algunos | punct |
| 38 | y | y | X | _ | 40 algunos | dep |
| 39 | aun | aun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 algunos | compound |
| 40 | algunos | alguno | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 tradición | appos |
| 41 | personas | persona | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 lo | nsubj |
| 42 | lo | lo | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 algunos | acl:relcl |
| 43 | deponen | deponen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 testigos | compound |
| 44 | como | como | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 testigos | compound |
| 45 | testigos | testigo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 lo | obj |
| 46 | de | de | X | Foreign=Yes | 47 vista | compound |
| 47 | vista | vista | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 testigos | conj |
| 48 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 40 algunos | punct |
| 49 | de | de | X | Foreign=Yes | 53 castello | compound |
| 50 | la | la | X | Foreign=Yes | 49 de | flat:foreign |
| 51 | torre | torre | X | Foreign=Yes | 49 de | flat:foreign |
| 52 | y | y | X | _ | 49 de | flat:foreign |
| 53 | castello | castello | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 aire | acl:relcl |
| 54 | de | de | ADP | _ | 55 Marcuello | case |
| 55 | Marcuello | Marcuello | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 castello | nmod |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 pie | punct |
| 57 | lugar | lugar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 pie | amod |
| 58 | al | al | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 pie | amod |
| 59 | pie | pie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 castello | conj |
| 60 | de | de | X | Foreign=Yes | 59 pie | flat:foreign |
| 61 | las | las | X | Foreign=Yes | 59 pie | conj |
| 62 | montañas | montaña | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 las | appos |
| 63 | de | de | ADP | _ | 64 Aragon | case |
| 64 | Aragon | Aragon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 montañas | nmod |
| 65 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 67 inhabitable | punct |
| 66 | aora | aora | X | Foreign=Yes | 67 inhabitable | nsubj |
| 67 | inhabitable | inhabitable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 Aragon | conj |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 grandes | punct |
| 69 | por | por | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 las | compound |
| 70 | las | la | NOUN | Number=Plur | 71 grandes | compound |
| 71 | grandes | grande | NOUN | Number=Plur | 64 Aragon | conj |
| 72 | y | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 78 se | advmod |
| 73 | espantables | espantable | NOUN | Number=Plur | 78 se | nsubj |
| 74 | ruidos | ruido | NOUN | Number=Plur | 78 se | nsubj |
| 75 | que | que | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 77 el | amod |
| 76 | en | en | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 el | compound |
| 77 | el | el | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 ruidos | nmod |
| 78 | se | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 71 grandes | acl:relcl |
| 79 | oyen | oyen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 78 se | obj |
| 80 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 71 grandes | punct |
| 81 | donde | donde | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 84 el | amod |
| 82 | se | se | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 el | compound |
| 83 | retraxo | retraxo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 el | compound |
| 84 | el | el | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 grandes | nmod |
| 85 | Conde | Conde | PROPN | Number=Sing | 84 el | appos |
| 86 | Don | Don | PROPN | Number=Sing | 85 Conde | flat |
| 87 | Julian | Julian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 85 Conde | flat |
| 88 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 89 causa | punct |
| 89 | causa | causa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 92 perdicion | compound |
| 90 | de | de | X | Foreign=Yes | 89 causa | flat:foreign |
| 91 | la | la | X | Foreign=Yes | 92 perdicion | compound |
| 92 | perdicion | perdicion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 el | conj |
| 93 | de | de | X | Foreign=Yes | 92 perdicion | flat:foreign |
| 94 | España | España | PROPN | Number=Sing | 92 perdicion | appos |
| 95 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 99 castillo | punct |
| 96 | sobre | sobre | X | _ | 97 el | compound |
| 97 | el | el | NOUN | Number=Sing | 99 castillo | compound |
| 98 | qual | qual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 99 castillo | amod |
| 99 | castillo | castillo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 102 se | nsubj |
| 100 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 101 deze | punct |
| 101 | deze | deze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 99 castillo | conj |
| 102 | se | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 92 perdicion | acl:relcl |
| 103 | ven | ven | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 107 ciertas | amod |
| 104 | en | en | NOUN | Number=Sing | 105 el | compound |
| 105 | el | el | NOUN | Number=Sing | 106 aire | compound |
| 106 | aire | aire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 107 ciertas | compound |
| 107 | ciertas | cierta | NOUN | Number=Plur | 102 se | obj |
| 108 | visiones | visione | NOUN | Number=Plur | 120 cavalleros | nsubj |
| 109 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 110 como | punct |
| 110 | como | como | NOUN | Number=Sing | 108 visiones | conj |
| 111 | de | de | ADP | _ | 112 soldados | case |
| 112 | soldados | soldado | NOUN | Number=Plur | 110 como | nmod |
| 113 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 118 son | punct |
| 114 | que | que | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 118 son | amod |
| 115 | el | el | NOUN | Number=Sing | 116 vulgo | compound |
| 116 | vulgo | vulgo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 117 dize | compound |
| 117 | dize | dize | NOUN | Number=Sing | 118 son | compound |
| 118 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 108 visiones | conj |
| 119 | los | los | X | _ | 120 cavalleros | compound |
| 120 | cavalleros | cavallero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 107 ciertas | acl:relcl |
| 121 | y | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 120 cavalleros | nmod |
| 122 | gente | gente | X | Foreign=Yes | 121 y | appos |
| 123 | que | que | X | Foreign=Yes | 125 favorecian | compound |
| 124 | le | le | X | Foreign=Yes | 125 favorecian | compound |
| 125 | favorecian | favorecian | NOUN | Number=Sing | 122 gente | obj |
| 126 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 dize | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dize | infinitive | El licenciado | que dichos and Duendos caseros | of los aire | tree rules | |||
| 2 | does | present | peleas | cuenta por tradición | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot tradición=Theme | ||||
| 3 | lo | present | personas | deponen como testigos and de vista | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | castello | hazen aparacer exercitos | de Marcuello; lugar al pie conj | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | does | present | espantables | oyen | ruidos que en el nsubj | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot oyen=Theme | |||
| 6 | does | present | el qual castillo and deze | ven aire ciertas | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot cierta=Theme | ||||
| 7 | cavallero | visiones and como de soldados and que dize son | ven aire ciertas not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/40/1/