Legends of the conquest of Spain, Note to the Preceding Legend., sentence 11

It is said that certain apparitions of soldiers are seen in the air, which the vulgar say are those of the courtiers and people who aided him.”

Who acts: vulgar, people · What happens: say, see, be, aid · To what, where: account, certain apparitions, air, those, Spain · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Note to the Preceding Legend.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vulgar, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 said	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 said	aux:pass
3	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 seen	mark
5	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 apparitions	amod
6	apparitions	apparition	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 seen	nsubj:pass
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 soldiers	case
8	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 apparitions	nmod
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 seen	aux:pass
10	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 said	ccomp
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 air	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 air	det
13	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 seen	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 say	punct
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 say	obj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 vulgar	det
17	vulgar	vulgar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 say	nsubj
18	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 air	acl:relcl
19	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 those	cop
20	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	10 seen	obj
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 courtiers	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 courtiers	det
23	courtiers	courtier	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 those	nmod
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 people	cc
25	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 courtiers	conj
26	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 aided	nsubj
27	aided	aid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 people	acl:relcl
28	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 aided	obj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct
30	”	"	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · passive		account				tree rules
2	see	present · passive		certain apparitions of soldiers		the air		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
3	say speech: assert	present	the vulgar	the air				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent which=Topic
4	is a	present		those			of the courtiers and people	tree rules
5	aid	past	people		Spain			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/40/11/

🌲 Legends of the conquest of Spain, Note to the Preceding Legend., sentence 11

The tree

Pragmatics

Legends of the conquest of Spain, Note to the Preceding Legend., sentence 11