Legends of the conquest of Spain, Don Roderick Receives an Extraordinary Embassy., sentence 24
“Of what importance,” cried the king, “are the menaces of Hercules, the Lybian? was he not a pagan? and can his enchantments have aught avail against a believer in our holy faith?
Who acts: king, menaces, enchantments, Hercules · What happens: cry, be, not be, have, enchant · To what, where: menaces, pagan, aught avail · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Don Roderick Receives an Extraordinary Embassy.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, menaces, enchantments, Hercules), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 cried | punct |
| 2 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 4 importance | case |
| 3 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 importance | nsubj |
| 4 | importance | importance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cried | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 importance | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 importance | punct |
| 7 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 king | det |
| 9 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cried | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 menaces | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 menaces | punct |
| 12 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 menaces | cop |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 menaces | det |
| 14 | menaces | menace | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 pagan | nsubj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 Hercules | case |
| 16 | Hercules | Hercules | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 menaces | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Lybian | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Lybian | det |
| 19 | Lybian | Lybian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Hercules | conj |
| 20 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 14 menaces | punct |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 pagan | cop |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 pagan | nsubj |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 pagan | advmod |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 pagan | det |
| 25 | pagan | pagan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cried | obl |
| 26 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 cried | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 have | cc |
| 28 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 have | aux |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 enchantments | nmod:poss |
| 30 | enchantments | enchantment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 have | nsubj |
| 31 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cried | conj |
| 32 | aught | aught | PRON | PronType=Ind | 33 avail | compound |
| 33 | avail | avail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 have | obj |
| 34 | against | against | ADP | _ | 36 believer | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 believer | det |
| 36 | believer | believer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 have | obl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 faith | case |
| 38 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 faith | nmod:poss |
| 39 | holy | holy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 faith | amod |
| 40 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 believer | nmod |
| 41 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry speech: express | past | the king | of importance | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | the menaces | of Hercules and the Lybian | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not is a in a quote | past | the menaces | a pagan | Hercules nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 4 | have in a quote | can | Hercules's enchantments | aught avail | against a believer in our holy faith | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent avail=Patient | |||
| 5 | enchant in a quote | Hercules | nom enchantment «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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