Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 1
The morning sun shone brightly upon the cliff-built towers of Toledo, when King Roderick issued out of the gate of the city, at the head of a numerous train of courtiers and cavaliers, and crossed the bridge that bestrides the deep rocky bed of the Tagus.
Who acts: morning sun, King, bridge · What happens: shine, build, issue, cross, bestride · To what, where: built towers, gate, bridge, deep rocky bed
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (morning sun, King, bridge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 sun | det |
| 2 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sun | compound |
| 3 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shone | nsubj |
| 4 | shone | shine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | brightly | brightly | ADV | _ | 4 shone | advmod |
| 6 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 11 towers | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 towers | det |
| 8 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 built | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 cliff | punct |
| 10 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 towers | amod |
| 11 | towers | tower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 shone | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 Toledo | case |
| 13 | Toledo | Toledo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 towers | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 issued | punct |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 issued | advmod |
| 16 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 issued | nsubj |
| 17 | Roderick | Roderick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 King | flat |
| 18 | issued | issue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 shone | conj |
| 19 | out | out | ADP | _ | 22 gate | case |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 gate | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 gate | det |
| 22 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 issued | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 city | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 city | det |
| 25 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 gate | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 head | punct |
| 27 | at | at | ADP | _ | 29 head | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 head | det |
| 29 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 issued | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 train | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 train | det |
| 32 | numerous | numerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 train | amod |
| 33 | train | train | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 head | nmod |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 courtiers | case |
| 35 | courtiers | courtier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 train | nmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 cavaliers | cc |
| 37 | cavaliers | cavalier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 courtiers | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 crossed | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 crossed | cc |
| 40 | crossed | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 shone | conj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 bridge | det |
| 42 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 crossed | obj |
| 43 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 bestrides | nsubj |
| 44 | bestrides | bestride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 bridge | acl:relcl |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 bed | det |
| 46 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 bed | amod |
| 47 | rocky | rocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 bed | amod |
| 48 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 bestrides | obj |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 Tagus | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 Tagus | det |
| 51 | Tagus | Tagus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 bed | nmod |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 shone | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shine | past | the morning sun | the built towers of Toledo | brightly property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon tower=Location | |||
| 2 | build | participle | cliff compound | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | issue | past | King | the gate of the city | at the head of a numerous train of courtiers and cavaliers | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out gate=Location | |||
| 4 | cross | past | the morning sun not said here | the bridge | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient | ||||
| 5 | bestride | present | the bridge | the deep rocky bed of the Tagus | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bed=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/8/1/