Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 34
[12] Upon this, the king ordered that fires should be kindled to dispel the darkness, and to correct the noxious and long imprisoned air: he then led the way into the interior; but, though stout of heart, he advanced with awe and hesitation.
Who acts: king, stout · What happens: order, kindle, dispel, correct, imprison, lead · To what, where: 12, fires, darkness, noxious imprisoned air, way, interior
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, stout), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 12 | punct |
| 2 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 ordered | obl |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 12 | punct |
| 4 | Upon | upon | ADP | _ | 5 this | case |
| 5 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 12 | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 ordered | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 king | det |
| 8 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ordered | nsubj |
| 9 | ordered | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 kindled | mark |
| 11 | fires | fire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 kindled | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 kindled | aux |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 kindled | aux:pass |
| 14 | kindled | kindle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 ordered | ccomp |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 dispel | mark |
| 16 | dispel | dispel | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 kindled | xcomp |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 darkness | det |
| 18 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 dispel | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 correct | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 correct | cc |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 correct | mark |
| 22 | correct | correct | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 dispel | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 air | det |
| 24 | noxious | noxious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 air | amod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 long | cc |
| 26 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 noxious | conj |
| 27 | imprisoned | imprison | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 air | amod |
| 28 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 correct | obj |
| 29 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 32 led | punct |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 led | nsubj |
| 31 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 32 led | advmod |
| 32 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 correct | parataxis |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 way | det |
| 34 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 led | obj |
| 35 | into | into | ADP | _ | 37 interior | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 interior | det |
| 37 | interior | interior | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 led | obl |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 advanced | punct |
| 39 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 47 advanced | cc |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 stout | punct |
| 41 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 42 stout | mark |
| 42 | stout | stout | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 advanced | nsubj |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 heart | case |
| 44 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 stout | nmod |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 stout | punct |
| 46 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 advanced | nsubj |
| 47 | advanced | advance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 ordered | conj |
| 48 | with | with | ADP | _ | 49 awe | case |
| 49 | awe | awe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 advanced | obl |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 hesitation | cc |
| 51 | hesitation | hesitation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 awe | conj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 ordered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | order | past | the king | 12 upon this | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | kindle | should · passive | fires | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | dispel | to-infinitive | the darkness | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent darkness=Patient | |||||
| 4 | correct speech: disagree | to-infinitive | the noxious imprisoned air | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent air=Patient | |||||
| 5 | imprison | participle | vn confine-92 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | lead | past | King | the way | the interior | then | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent way=Theme into interior=Destination | ||
| 7 | advance | past | stout of heart | with awe and hesitation; King nsubj | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/8/34/